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学习如何在 React 应用程序中实现 Redux

react

在本节中,我们将学习如何在 React 应用程序中实现 Redux。这里,我们提供了一个连接 Redux 和 React 的简单示例。

步骤 1:创建React 项目

使用create-react-app命令创建一个新的 React 项目。我选择的项目名称为:" reactproject "。现在,安装Redux和React-Redux。

javatpoint@root:~/Desktop$ npx create-react-app reactproject  
javatpoint@root:~/Desktop/reactproject$ npm install redux react-redux --save

步骤2:创建文件和文件夹

在此步骤中,我们需要为操作、reducer、组件和容器创建文件夹和文件。创建文件夹和文件后,我们的项目如下图所示。

image.png

步骤 3:Actions

它使用 ' type ' 属性来告知应发送到Store 的数据。在此文件夹中,我们将创建两个文件:index.js和index.spec.js。在这里,我们创建了一个动作创建器,它返回我们的动作并为每个创建的项目设置一个id 。

Index.js

let nextTodoId = 0  
export const addTodo = text => ({  
  type: 'ADD_TODO',  
  id: nextTodoId++,  
  text  
})  
  
export const setVisibilityFilter = filter => ({  
  type: 'SET_VISIBILITY_FILTER',  
  filter  
})  
  
export const toggleTodo = id => ({  
  type: 'TOGGLE_TODO',  
  id  
})  
  
export const VisibilityFilters = {  
  SHOW_ALL: 'SHOW_ALL',  
  SHOW_COMPLETED: 'SHOW_COMPLETED',  
  SHOW_ACTIVE: 'SHOW_ACTIVE'  
}

Index.spec.js


import * as actions from './index'  
  
describe('todo actions', () => {  
  it('addTodo should create ADD_TODO action', () => {  
    expect(actions.addTodo('Use Redux')).toEqual({  
      type: 'ADD_TODO',  
      id: 0,  
      text: 'Use Redux'  
    })  
  })  
  
  it('setVisibilityFilter should create SET_VISIBILITY_FILTER action', () => {  
    expect(actions.setVisibilityFilter('active')).toEqual({  
      type: 'SET_VISIBILITY_FILTER',  
      filter: 'active'  
    })  
  })  
  
  it('toggleTodo should create TOGGLE_TODO action', () => {  
    expect(actions.toggleTodo(1)).toEqual({  
      type: 'TOGGLE_TODO',  
      id: 1  
    })  
  })  
})

第 4:Reducers

我们知道,Actions 只会触发应用程序中的更改,而 Reducers 会指定这些更改。Reducer 是一个函数,它接受两个参数"Action"和"State"来计算并返回更新的状态。它从"Actions"读取有效负载,然后通过 State 相应地更新"Store"。


在给定的文件中,每个 Reducer 管理其自己的全局状态部分。每个 Reducer 的状态参数都不同,并且与其管理的"状态"部分相对应。当应用程序变大时,我们可以将 Reducer 拆分为单独的文件,并使它们完全独立并管理不同的数据域。

在这里,我们使用"combineReducers"辅助函数来添加我们将来可能使用的任何新 Reducers。

index.js

import { combineReducers } from 'redux'  
import todos from './todos'  
import visibilityFilter from './visibilityFilter'  
  
export default combineReducers({  
  todos,  
  visibilityFilter  
})

Todos.js

const todos = (state = [], action) => {  
  switch (action.type) {  
    case 'ADD_TODO':  
      return [  
        ...state,  
        {  
          id: action.id,  
          text: action.text,  
          completed: false  
        }  
      ]  
    case 'TOGGLE_TODO':  
      return state.map(todo =>  
        (todo.id === action.id)  
          ? {...todo, completed: !todo.completed}  
          : todo  
      )  
    default:  
      return state  
  }  
}  
export default todos

Todos.spec.js

import todos from './todos'  
  
describe('todos reducer', () => {  
  it('should handle initial state', () => {  
    expect(  
      todos(undefined, {})  
    ).toEqual([])  
  })  
  
  it('should handle ADD_TODO', () => {  
    expect(  
      todos([], {  
        type: 'ADD_TODO',  
        text: 'Run the tests',  
        id: 0  
      })  
    ).toEqual([  
      {  
        text: 'Run the tests',  
        completed: false,  
        id: 0  
      }  
    ])  
  
    expect(  
      todos([  
        {  
          text: 'Run the tests',  
          completed: false,  
          id: 0  
        }  
      ], {  
        type: 'ADD_TODO',  
        text: 'Use Redux',  
        id: 1  
      })  
    ).toEqual([  
      {  
        text: 'Run the tests',  
        completed: false,  
        id: 0  
      }, {  
        text: 'Use Redux',  
        completed: false,  
        id: 1  
      }  
    ])  
  
    expect(  
      todos([  
        {  
          text: 'Run the tests',  
          completed: false,  
          id: 0  
        }, {  
          text: 'Use Redux',  
          completed: false,  
          id: 1  
        }  
      ], {  
        type: 'ADD_TODO',  
        text: 'Fix the tests',  
        id: 2  
      })  
    ).toEqual([  
      {  
        text: 'Run the tests',  
        completed: false,  
        id: 0  
      }, {  
        text: 'Use Redux',  
        completed: false,  
        id: 1  
      }, {  
        text: 'Fix the tests',  
        completed: false,  
        id: 2  
      }  
    ])  
  })  
  
  it('should handle TOGGLE_TODO', () => {  
    expect(  
      todos([  
        {  
          text: 'Run the tests',  
          completed: false,  
          id: 1  
        }, {  
          text: 'Use Redux',  
          completed: false,  
          id: 0  
        }  
      ], {  
        type: 'TOGGLE_TODO',  
        id: 1  
      })  
    ).toEqual([  
      {  
        text: 'Run the tests',  
        completed: true,  
        id: 1  
      }, {  
        text: 'Use Redux',  
        completed: false,  
        id: 0  
      }  
    ])  
  })  
})

VisibilityFilter.js


import { VisibilityFilters } from '../actions'  
  
const visibilityFilter = (state = VisibilityFilters.SHOW_ALL, action) => {  
  switch (action.type) {  
    case 'SET_VISIBILITY_FILTER':  
      return action.filter  
    default:  
      return state  
  }  
}  
export default visibilityFilter

步骤 5:组件

它是一个展示组件,关注事物的外观,例如标记、样式。它接收数据并通过 props 专门调用回调。它不知道数据来自哪里或如何更改数据。它只呈现提供给它们的内容。

App.js

它是呈现 UI 中所有内容的根组件。

import React from 'react'  
import Footer from './Footer'  
import AddTodo from '../containers/AddTodo'  
import VisibleTodoList from '../containers/VisibleTodoList'  
  
const App = () => (  
  <div>  
    <AddTodo />  
    <VisibleTodoList />  
    <Footer />  
  </div>  
)  
export default App

Footer.js

它告诉用户在哪里更改当前可见的待办事项。

import React from 'react'  
import FilterLink from '../containers/FilterLink'  
import { VisibilityFilters } from '../actions'  
  
const Footer = () => (  
  <p>  
    Show: <FilterLink filter={VisibilityFilters.SHOW_ALL}>All</FilterLink>  
    {', '}  
    <FilterLink filter={VisibilityFilters.SHOW_ACTIVE}>Active</FilterLink>  
    {', '}  
    <FilterLink filter={VisibilityFilters.SHOW_COMPLETED}>Completed</FilterLink>  
  </p>  
)  
export default Footer

Link.js

这是一个带有回调的链接。

import React from 'react'  
import PropTypes from 'prop-types'  
  
const Link = ({ active, children, onClick }) => {  
  if (active) {  
    return <span>{children}</span>  
  }  
  
  return (  
    <a  
      href=""  
      onClick={e => {  
        e.preventDefault()  
        onClick()  
      }}  
    >  
      {children}  
    </a>  
  )  
}  
  
Link.propTypes = {  
  active: PropTypes.bool.isRequired,  
  children: PropTypes.node.isRequired,  
  onClick: PropTypes.func.isRequired  
}  
  
export default Link

Todo.js

它代表显示文本的单个待办事项。

import React from 'react'  
import PropTypes from 'prop-types'  
  
const Todo = ({ onClick, completed, text }) => (  
  <li  
    onClick={onClick}  
    style={{  
      textDecoration: completed ? 'line-through' : 'none'  
    }}  
  >  
    {text}  
  </li>  
)  
  
Todo.propTypes = {  
  onClick: PropTypes.func.isRequired,  
  completed: PropTypes.bool.isRequired,  
  text: PropTypes.string.isRequired  
}  
  
export default Todo

TodoList.js

它是一个显示可见待办事项{id,文本,已完成}的列表。

import React from 'react'  
import PropTypes from 'prop-types'  
import Todo from './Todo'  
  
const TodoList = ({ todos, onTodoClick }) => (  
  <ul>  
    {todos.map((todo, index) => (  
      <Todo key={index} {...todo} onClick={() => onTodoClick(index)} />  
    ))}  
  </ul>  
)  
  
TodoList.propTypes = {  
  todos: PropTypes.arrayOf(  
    PropTypes.shape({  
      id: PropTypes.number.isRequired,  
      completed: PropTypes.bool.isRequired,  
      text: PropTypes.string.isRequired  
    }).isRequired  
  ).isRequired,  
  onTodoClick: PropTypes.func.isRequired  
}  
export default TodoList

步骤6:容器

它是一个容器组件,与数据获取、状态更新等工作方式有关。它为展示组件或其他容器组件提供数据和行为。它使用 Redux State 读取数据并调度 Redux Action 来更新数据。

添加Todo.js

它包含带有添加(提交)按钮的输入字段。

import React from 'react'  
import { connect } from 'react-redux'  
import { addTodo } from '../actions'  
  
const AddTodo = ({ dispatch }) => {  
  let input  
  
  return (  
    <div>  
      <form onSubmit={e => {  
        e.preventDefault()  
        if (!input.value.trim()) {  
          return  
        }  
        dispatch(addTodo(input.value))  
        input.value = ''  
      }}>  
        <input ref={node => input = node} />  
        <button type="submit">  
          Add Todo  
        </button>  
      </form>  
    </div>  
  )  
}  
export default connect()(AddTodo)

FilterLink.js

它代表当前的可见性过滤器并呈现一个链接。

import { connect } from 'react-redux'  
import { setVisibilityFilter } from '../actions'  
import Link from '../components/Link'  
  
const mapStateToProps = (state, ownProps) => ({  
  active: ownProps.filter === state.visibilityFilter  
})  
  
const mapDispatchToProps = (dispatch, ownProps) => ({  
  onClick: () => dispatch(setVisibilityFilter(ownProps.filter))  
})  
  
export default connect(  
  mapStateToProps,  
  mapDispatchToProps  
)(Link)

VisibleTodoList.js

它过滤待办事项并呈现待办事项列表。

import { connect } from 'react-redux'  
import { toggleTodo } from '../actions'  
import TodoList from '../components/TodoList'  
import { VisibilityFilters } from '../actions'  
  
const getVisibleTodos = (todos, filter) => {  
  switch (filter) {  
    case VisibilityFilters.SHOW_ALL:  
      return todos  
    case VisibilityFilters.SHOW_COMPLETED:  
      return todos.filter(t => t.completed)  
    case VisibilityFilters.SHOW_ACTIVE:  
      return todos.filter(t => !t.completed)  
    default:  
      throw new Error('Unknown filter: ' + filter)  
  }  
}  
  
const mapStateToProps = state => ({  
  todos: getVisibleTodos(state.todos, state.visibilityFilter)  
})  
  
const mapDispatchToProps = dispatch => ({  
  toggleTodo: id => dispatch(toggleTodo(id))  
})  
  
export default connect(  
  mapStateToProps,  
  mapDispatchToProps  
)(TodoList)

Step-7:Store

所有容器组件都需要访问 Redux Store 才能订阅它。为此,我们需要将其(store)作为 prop 传递给每个容器组件。然而,这很繁琐。因此,我们建议使用名为 这使得 store 可供所有容器组件使用,而无需明确传递它。它在渲染根组件时使用一次。

index.js

import React from 'react'  
import { render } from 'react-dom'  
import { createStore } from 'redux'  
import { Provider } from 'react-redux'  
import App from './components/App'  
import rootReducer from './reducers'  
  
const store = createStore(rootReducer)  
  
render(  
  <Provider store={store}>  
    <App />  
  </Provider>,  
  document.getElementById('root')  
)

输出

当我们执行该应用程序时,它会给出如下屏幕的输出。

image.png

现在,我们将能够在列表中添加项目。

image.png

好啦,就分享这么多吧。

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