在本节中,我们将学习如何在 React 应用程序中实现 Redux。这里,我们提供了一个连接 Redux 和 React 的简单示例。
步骤 1:创建React 项目
使用create-react-app命令创建一个新的 React 项目。我选择的项目名称为:" reactproject "。现在,安装Redux和React-Redux。
javatpoint@root:~/Desktop$ npx create-react-app reactproject
javatpoint@root:~/Desktop/reactproject$ npm install redux react-redux --save
步骤2:创建文件和文件夹
在此步骤中,我们需要为操作、reducer、组件和容器创建文件夹和文件。创建文件夹和文件后,我们的项目如下图所示。
步骤 3:Actions
它使用 ' type ' 属性来告知应发送到Store 的数据。在此文件夹中,我们将创建两个文件:index.js和index.spec.js。在这里,我们创建了一个动作创建器,它返回我们的动作并为每个创建的项目设置一个id 。
Index.js
let nextTodoId = 0
export const addTodo = text => ({
type: 'ADD_TODO',
id: nextTodoId++,
text
})
export const setVisibilityFilter = filter => ({
type: 'SET_VISIBILITY_FILTER',
filter
})
export const toggleTodo = id => ({
type: 'TOGGLE_TODO',
id
})
export const VisibilityFilters = {
SHOW_ALL: 'SHOW_ALL',
SHOW_COMPLETED: 'SHOW_COMPLETED',
SHOW_ACTIVE: 'SHOW_ACTIVE'
}
Index.spec.js
import * as actions from './index'
describe('todo actions', () => {
it('addTodo should create ADD_TODO action', () => {
expect(actions.addTodo('Use Redux')).toEqual({
type: 'ADD_TODO',
id: 0,
text: 'Use Redux'
})
})
it('setVisibilityFilter should create SET_VISIBILITY_FILTER action', () => {
expect(actions.setVisibilityFilter('active')).toEqual({
type: 'SET_VISIBILITY_FILTER',
filter: 'active'
})
})
it('toggleTodo should create TOGGLE_TODO action', () => {
expect(actions.toggleTodo(1)).toEqual({
type: 'TOGGLE_TODO',
id: 1
})
})
})
第 4:Reducers
我们知道,Actions 只会触发应用程序中的更改,而 Reducers 会指定这些更改。Reducer 是一个函数,它接受两个参数"Action"和"State"来计算并返回更新的状态。它从"Actions"读取有效负载,然后通过 State 相应地更新"Store"。
在给定的文件中,每个 Reducer 管理其自己的全局状态部分。每个 Reducer 的状态参数都不同,并且与其管理的"状态"部分相对应。当应用程序变大时,我们可以将 Reducer 拆分为单独的文件,并使它们完全独立并管理不同的数据域。
在这里,我们使用"combineReducers"辅助函数来添加我们将来可能使用的任何新 Reducers。
index.js
import { combineReducers } from 'redux'
import todos from './todos'
import visibilityFilter from './visibilityFilter'
export default combineReducers({
todos,
visibilityFilter
})
Todos.js
const todos = (state = [], action) => {
switch (action.type) {
case 'ADD_TODO':
return [
...state,
{
id: action.id,
text: action.text,
completed: false
}
]
case 'TOGGLE_TODO':
return state.map(todo =>
(todo.id === action.id)
? {...todo, completed: !todo.completed}
: todo
)
default:
return state
}
}
export default todos
Todos.spec.js
import todos from './todos'
describe('todos reducer', () => {
it('should handle initial state', () => {
expect(
todos(undefined, {})
).toEqual([])
})
it('should handle ADD_TODO', () => {
expect(
todos([], {
type: 'ADD_TODO',
text: 'Run the tests',
id: 0
})
).toEqual([
{
text: 'Run the tests',
completed: false,
id: 0
}
])
expect(
todos([
{
text: 'Run the tests',
completed: false,
id: 0
}
], {
type: 'ADD_TODO',
text: 'Use Redux',
id: 1
})
).toEqual([
{
text: 'Run the tests',
completed: false,
id: 0
}, {
text: 'Use Redux',
completed: false,
id: 1
}
])
expect(
todos([
{
text: 'Run the tests',
completed: false,
id: 0
}, {
text: 'Use Redux',
completed: false,
id: 1
}
], {
type: 'ADD_TODO',
text: 'Fix the tests',
id: 2
})
).toEqual([
{
text: 'Run the tests',
completed: false,
id: 0
}, {
text: 'Use Redux',
completed: false,
id: 1
}, {
text: 'Fix the tests',
completed: false,
id: 2
}
])
})
it('should handle TOGGLE_TODO', () => {
expect(
todos([
{
text: 'Run the tests',
completed: false,
id: 1
}, {
text: 'Use Redux',
completed: false,
id: 0
}
], {
type: 'TOGGLE_TODO',
id: 1
})
).toEqual([
{
text: 'Run the tests',
completed: true,
id: 1
}, {
text: 'Use Redux',
completed: false,
id: 0
}
])
})
})
VisibilityFilter.js
import { VisibilityFilters } from '../actions'
const visibilityFilter = (state = VisibilityFilters.SHOW_ALL, action) => {
switch (action.type) {
case 'SET_VISIBILITY_FILTER':
return action.filter
default:
return state
}
}
export default visibilityFilter
步骤 5:组件
它是一个展示组件,关注事物的外观,例如标记、样式。它接收数据并通过 props 专门调用回调。它不知道数据来自哪里或如何更改数据。它只呈现提供给它们的内容。
App.js
它是呈现 UI 中所有内容的根组件。
import React from 'react'
import Footer from './Footer'
import AddTodo from '../containers/AddTodo'
import VisibleTodoList from '../containers/VisibleTodoList'
const App = () => (
<div>
<AddTodo />
<VisibleTodoList />
<Footer />
</div>
)
export default App
Footer.js
它告诉用户在哪里更改当前可见的待办事项。
import React from 'react'
import FilterLink from '../containers/FilterLink'
import { VisibilityFilters } from '../actions'
const Footer = () => (
<p>
Show: <FilterLink filter={VisibilityFilters.SHOW_ALL}>All</FilterLink>
{', '}
<FilterLink filter={VisibilityFilters.SHOW_ACTIVE}>Active</FilterLink>
{', '}
<FilterLink filter={VisibilityFilters.SHOW_COMPLETED}>Completed</FilterLink>
</p>
)
export default Footer
Link.js
这是一个带有回调的链接。
import React from 'react'
import PropTypes from 'prop-types'
const Link = ({ active, children, onClick }) => {
if (active) {
return <span>{children}</span>
}
return (
<a
href=""
onClick={e => {
e.preventDefault()
onClick()
}}
>
{children}
</a>
)
}
Link.propTypes = {
active: PropTypes.bool.isRequired,
children: PropTypes.node.isRequired,
onClick: PropTypes.func.isRequired
}
export default Link
Todo.js
它代表显示文本的单个待办事项。
import React from 'react'
import PropTypes from 'prop-types'
const Todo = ({ onClick, completed, text }) => (
<li
onClick={onClick}
style={{
textDecoration: completed ? 'line-through' : 'none'
}}
>
{text}
</li>
)
Todo.propTypes = {
onClick: PropTypes.func.isRequired,
completed: PropTypes.bool.isRequired,
text: PropTypes.string.isRequired
}
export default Todo
TodoList.js
它是一个显示可见待办事项{id,文本,已完成}的列表。
import React from 'react'
import PropTypes from 'prop-types'
import Todo from './Todo'
const TodoList = ({ todos, onTodoClick }) => (
<ul>
{todos.map((todo, index) => (
<Todo key={index} {...todo} onClick={() => onTodoClick(index)} />
))}
</ul>
)
TodoList.propTypes = {
todos: PropTypes.arrayOf(
PropTypes.shape({
id: PropTypes.number.isRequired,
completed: PropTypes.bool.isRequired,
text: PropTypes.string.isRequired
}).isRequired
).isRequired,
onTodoClick: PropTypes.func.isRequired
}
export default TodoList
步骤6:容器
它是一个容器组件,与数据获取、状态更新等工作方式有关。它为展示组件或其他容器组件提供数据和行为。它使用 Redux State 读取数据并调度 Redux Action 来更新数据。
添加Todo.js
它包含带有添加(提交)按钮的输入字段。
import React from 'react'
import { connect } from 'react-redux'
import { addTodo } from '../actions'
const AddTodo = ({ dispatch }) => {
let input
return (
<div>
<form onSubmit={e => {
e.preventDefault()
if (!input.value.trim()) {
return
}
dispatch(addTodo(input.value))
input.value = ''
}}>
<input ref={node => input = node} />
<button type="submit">
Add Todo
</button>
</form>
</div>
)
}
export default connect()(AddTodo)
FilterLink.js
它代表当前的可见性过滤器并呈现一个链接。
import { connect } from 'react-redux'
import { setVisibilityFilter } from '../actions'
import Link from '../components/Link'
const mapStateToProps = (state, ownProps) => ({
active: ownProps.filter === state.visibilityFilter
})
const mapDispatchToProps = (dispatch, ownProps) => ({
onClick: () => dispatch(setVisibilityFilter(ownProps.filter))
})
export default connect(
mapStateToProps,
mapDispatchToProps
)(Link)
VisibleTodoList.js
它过滤待办事项并呈现待办事项列表。
import { connect } from 'react-redux'
import { toggleTodo } from '../actions'
import TodoList from '../components/TodoList'
import { VisibilityFilters } from '../actions'
const getVisibleTodos = (todos, filter) => {
switch (filter) {
case VisibilityFilters.SHOW_ALL:
return todos
case VisibilityFilters.SHOW_COMPLETED:
return todos.filter(t => t.completed)
case VisibilityFilters.SHOW_ACTIVE:
return todos.filter(t => !t.completed)
default:
throw new Error('Unknown filter: ' + filter)
}
}
const mapStateToProps = state => ({
todos: getVisibleTodos(state.todos, state.visibilityFilter)
})
const mapDispatchToProps = dispatch => ({
toggleTodo: id => dispatch(toggleTodo(id))
})
export default connect(
mapStateToProps,
mapDispatchToProps
)(TodoList)
Step-7:Store
所有容器组件都需要访问 Redux Store 才能订阅它。为此,我们需要将其(store)作为 prop 传递给每个容器组件。然而,这很繁琐。因此,我们建议使用名为 这使得 store 可供所有容器组件使用,而无需明确传递它。它在渲染根组件时使用一次。
index.js
import React from 'react'
import { render } from 'react-dom'
import { createStore } from 'redux'
import { Provider } from 'react-redux'
import App from './components/App'
import rootReducer from './reducers'
const store = createStore(rootReducer)
render(
<Provider store={store}>
<App />
</Provider>,
document.getElementById('root')
)
输出
当我们执行该应用程序时,它会给出如下屏幕的输出。
现在,我们将能够在列表中添加项目。
好啦,就分享这么多吧。