1. Overview {#1-overview}

Spring Security 提供了不同的身份认证系统，例如通过数据库和 UserDetailService。

有时可能不想使用 JPA 持久层，而是想使用 MongoDB Repository。本文将带你了解如何使用 Spring Security 和 MongoDB 对用户进行认证。

2、Spring Security 使用 MongoDB 进行认证 {#2spring-security-使用-mongodb-进行认证}

MongoDB Repository 与 JPA Repository 类似不过，我们需要设置不同的配置。

2.1、Maven 依赖 {#21maven-依赖}

本文使用嵌入式 MongoDB。首先，添加 spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb 和 de.flapdoodle.embed.mongo 依赖：

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>de.flapdoodle.embed</groupId>
    <artifactId>de.flapdoodle.embed.mongo</artifactId>
    <version>3.3.1</version>
</dependency>

2.2、配置 {#22配置}

创建配置类：

@Configuration
public class MongoConfig {
private static final String CONNECTION_STRING = "mongodb://%s:%d";
private static final String HOST = "localhost";
@Bean
public MongoTemplate mongoTemplate() throws Exception {
int randomPort = SocketUtils.findAvailableTcpPort();

ImmutableMongodConfig mongoDbConfig = MongodConfig.builder()
  .version(Version.Main.PRODUCTION)
  .net(new Net(HOST, randomPort, Network.localhostIsIPv6()))
  .build();

MongodStarter starter = MongodStarter.getDefaultInstance();
MongodExecutable mongodExecutable = starter.prepare(mongoDbConfig);
mongodExecutable.start();
return new MongoTemplate(MongoClients.create(String.format(CONNECTION_STRING, HOST, randomPort)), "mongo_auth");

}

}

配置 AuthenticationManager，例如，使用 HTTP Basic Authentication：

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(securedEnabled = true, jsr250Enabled = true)
public class SecurityConfig {
//...
public SecurityConfig(UserDetailsService userDetailsService) {
    this.userDetailsService = userDetailsService;
}
@Bean
public AuthenticationManager customAuthenticationManager(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
AuthenticationManagerBuilder authenticationManagerBuilder = http.getSharedObject
(AuthenticationManagerBuilder.class);
authenticationManagerBuilder.userDetailsService(userDetailsService)
.passwordEncoder(bCryptPasswordEncoder());
return authenticationManagerBuilder.build();
}
@Bean
public BCryptPasswordEncoder bCryptPasswordEncoder() {
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
@Bean
public SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.csrf()
.disable()
.authorizeRequests()
.and()
.httpBasic()
.and()
.authorizeRequests()
.anyRequest()
.permitAll()
.and()
.sessionManagement()
.sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS);
return http.build();
}

}

2.3、User Domain 和 Repository {#23user-domain-和-repository}

首先，为身份认证（Authentication）定义一个简单的带角色的 User，并且实现 UserDetails 接口，以继承 Principal 对象的常用方法：

@Document
public class User implements UserDetails {
    private @MongoId ObjectId id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private Set<UserRole> userRoles;
    // get / set 方法
}

然后，定义一个 Repository：

public interface UserRepository extends MongoRepository<User, String> {
@Query(&quot;{username:'?0'}&quot;)
User findUserByUsername(String username);

}

2.4、Authentication Service {#24authentication-service}

最后，实现 UserDetailService，以检索用户并检查其是否通过身份认证：

@Service
public class MongoAuthUserDetailService implements UserDetailsService {
    // ...
    @Override
    public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String userName) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
    com.baeldung.mongoauth.domain.User user = userRepository.findUserByUsername(userName);
Set<GrantedAuthority> grantedAuthorities = new HashSet<>();

user.getAuthorities()
  .forEach(role -> {
      grantedAuthorities.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority(role.getRole()
         .getName()));
  });

return new User(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword(), grantedAuthorities);

}

}

2.5、测试认证 {#25测试认证}

定义一个简单的 Controller 用于测试。

例如：定义两个不同的角色，以测试指定端点的身份认证和授权：

@RestController
public class ResourceController {
@RolesAllowed("ROLE_ADMIN")
@GetMapping("/admin")
public String admin() {
    return "Hello Admin!";
}
@RolesAllowed({ "ROLE_ADMIN", "ROLE_USER" })
@GetMapping("/user")
public String user() {
return "Hello User!";
}

}

将所有内容封装在一个 Spring Boot 测试中，测试身份认证是否有效。

如下，对于提供无效凭证或在系统中不存在的用户，测试期望返回401状态码。

class MongoAuthApplicationTest {
// 设置
@Test
void givenUserCredentials_whenInvokeUserAuthorizedEndPoint_thenReturn200() throws Exception {
mvc.perform(get("/user").with(httpBasic(USER_NAME, PASSWORD)))
.andExpect(status().isOk());
}
@Test
void givenUserNotExists_whenInvokeEndPoint_thenReturn401() throws Exception {
mvc.perform(get("/user").with(httpBasic("not_existing_user", "password")))
.andExpect(status().isUnauthorized());
}
@Test
void givenUserExistsAndWrongPassword_whenInvokeEndPoint_thenReturn401() throws Exception {
mvc.perform(get("/user").with(httpBasic(USER_NAME, "wrong_password")))
.andExpect(status().isUnauthorized());
}
@Test
void givenUserCredentials_whenInvokeAdminAuthorizedEndPoint_thenReturn403() throws Exception {
mvc.perform(get("/admin").with(httpBasic(USER_NAME, PASSWORD)))
.andExpect(status().isForbidden());
}
@Test
void givenAdminCredentials_whenInvokeAdminAuthorizedEndPoint_thenReturn200() throws Exception {
mvc.perform(get("/admin").with(httpBasic(ADMIN_NAME, PASSWORD)))
.andExpect(status().isOk());
mvc.perform(get("/user").with(httpBasic(ADMIN_NAME, PASSWORD)))
  .andExpect(status().isOk());

}

}

3、总结 {#3总结}

本文结介绍了 Spring Security 如何使用 MongoDB 进行用户的身份认证。

参考：https://www.baeldung.com/spring-security-authentication-mongodb