在执行yum命令做各种操作时，提示rpm数据损坏

[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
error: rpmdb: BDB0113 Thread/process 23771/139664017225792 failed: BDB1507 Thread died in Berkeley DB library
error: db5 error(-30973) from dbenv->failchk: BDB0087 DB_RUNRECOVERY: Fatal error, run database recovery
error: cannot open Packages index using db5 -  (-30973)
error: cannot open Packages database in /var/lib/rpm
CRITICAL:yum.main:

Error: rpmdb open failed
\[root@localhost \~\]# yum install -y openvpn
error: rpmdb: BDB0113 Thread/process 23771/139664017225792 failed: BDB1507 Thread died in Berkeley DB library
error: db5 error(-30973) from dbenv-\>failchk: BDB0087 DB_RUNRECOVERY: Fatal error, run database recovery
error: cannot open Packages index using db5 -  (-30973)
error: cannot open Packages database in /var/lib/rpm
CRITICAL:yum.main:

`Error: rpmdb open failed`

解决办法

备份rpm数据

备份rpm数据目录

[root@localhost ~]# cp -rf /var/lib/rpm{,.20230718}
[root@localhost ~]# ll /var/lib/rpm/
总用量 105724
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root       54 11月  1 2022 backup
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4472832 4月  10 22:42 Basenames
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    16384 4月  10 22:35 Conflictname
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2408448 7月  17 21:12 __db.001
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   229376 7月  17 21:12 __db.002
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1318912 7月  17 21:12 __db.003
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1658880 4月  10 22:42 Dirnames
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    24576 4月  10 22:42 Group
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    24576 4月  10 22:42 Installtid
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    45056 4月  10 22:42 Name
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    24576 4月  10 22:35 Obsoletename
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 96047104 4月  10 22:42 Packages
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2011136 4月  10 22:42 Providename
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   253952 4月  10 22:42 Requirename
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    73728 4月  10 22:42 Sha1header
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    40960 4月  10 22:42 Sigmd5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     8192 4月  10 22:35 Triggername

清理rpm数据

删除__db开头的文件

[root@localhost ~]# rm -f /var/lib/rpm/__db.00*
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all

执行完成后，命令恢复正常。