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简介 {#简介}
我的大一上学期期末项目，也是C语言的期末大作业。
使用单链表进行菜品信息的存储，系统有菜品的增删改查、排序、安全输入、统计、随机输出和文件输入输出等功能。
现在回去看代码想给自己一锤子（误）
包含文件 {#包含文件}
函数说明 {#函数说明}
代码 {#代码}
900行有点长
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//菜品名称 char restaurant[SIZE1]; //饭店名字 float price; //菜的价格 int fraction; //菜的评分 char comment[SIZE2]; //菜品评价 struct _node *next; } Node; typedef struct _list //方便对链表操作 { Node *head; Node *pa; Node *pb; Node *pc; } List; //菜单 void menu(void); //一级菜单 void menu_inquire(List *list); //二级菜单_查询菜单 void help(void); //二级菜单_帮助菜单 int menu_sort(List *list); //三级菜单_排序方法 //对节点操作 void add(List *list); //添加节点 void delete (List *list); //删除节点 void revise(List *list); //修改节点 //安全输入 char *s_gets(char *st, int n); //安全输入字符 int get_int(void); //安全输入int型 float get_float(void); //安全输入float型 //链表的输出和操作 void inquire_all(List *list); //输出链表全部节点 void inquire_one(List *list); //输出链表指定菜名节点 void inquire_restaurant(List *list); //输出链表指定饭店节点 void inquire_part_price(List *list); //输出一定价格以下的菜品(这功能。。贫穷) void inquire_part_fraction(List *list); //输出一定评分以上的菜品 void average_percentage(List *list); //查询某饭店或食堂的平均价格和评分 void output(Node *p); //方便输出 void random_menu(List *list); //随机输出一道菜 void empty(List *list); //清空链表 //文件操作 void save(List *list); //保存 void read_txt(List *list); //读取文件_初始链表 //单链表的排序 void sort_ascending(List *list); //菜品按价格从低到高排序 void sort_descending(List *list); //菜品按价格从高到低排序 void sort_score(List *list); //菜品按评分从高到低排序 int calculate(List *list); //计算出单链表的节点个数 void swap1(List *list, List *list_swap); //单链表冒泡排序的算法块1 void swap2(List *list, List *list_swap); //单链表冒泡排序的算法块2 //其他 int random_number(List *list); //随机生成不大于节点数的整数 void color(int a); //控制台文本颜色 //______________________________________________________ //------------------------------------------------------ int main() //主函数 { //system("chcp 65001");//GB2313 //system("chcp 936");//UTF8 //system("cls"); menu(); //输出功能菜单 //佛祖开光无bug return 0; } //菜单 void menu() //一级菜单 { int options, z = 1; List list; list.head = NULL; //head指向空，链表不存在 FILE *fp = fopen("Menu.txt", "a"); //若无Menu.txt文件，则创建一个 fclose(fp); read_txt(&list); //读入txt中的数据，初始化链表 while (z) { system("cls"); printf("\n"); color(2); printf("|-----------------------------------------------------\n"); color(14); printf("| 菜品信息系统 \n"); color(2); printf("|-----------------------------------------------------\n"); color(11); printf("|********************系统功能菜单*********************\n"); color(2); printf("|-----------------------------------------------------\n"); color(15); printf("|*******************|1、使用帮助| \n"); printf("|*******************|2、添加菜品信息| \n"); printf("|*******************|3、删除菜品信息| \n"); printf("|*******************|4、查询菜品信息| \n"); printf("|*******************|5、修改菜品信息| \n"); printf("|*******************|6、今天吃什么| \n"); printf("|*******************|7、清空所有数据| \n"); printf("|*******************|8、保存|\n"); color(2); printf("|-----------------------------------------------------\n"); color(15); printf("|*******************|0、退出系统| \n"); color(12); printf("|!!!前请先保存再退出系统,否则数据会丢失!!!\n"); color(2); printf("|-----------------------------------------------------\n"); color(11); printf("请输入功能序号："); color(15); options = get_int(); switch (options) { case 0: z = 0; //跳出循环 printf("即将退出系统。\n"); break; case 1: help(); break; case 2: add(&list); break; case 3: delete (&list); break; case 4: menu_inquire(&list); break; case 5: revise(&list); break; case 6: random_menu(&list); break; case 7: empty(&list); break; case 8: save(&list); break; default: color(12); printf("无该功能，请重新输入\n"); color(11); system("pause"); color(15); } } system("pause"); } void help() //二级菜单_帮助菜单 { system("cls"); printf("\n"); color(2); printf("|-----------------------------------------------------------------\n"); color(15); printf("|使用帮助：\n"); printf("|1、本菜品信息系统可供用户自行修改内容\n"); printf("|2、因为考虑到不同饭店有同样名称的菜品，本系统允许菜品名称有重复\n"); printf("|3、请勿输入错误信息，以免造成程序出错\n"); printf("|4、关闭系统前记得保存！否则数据会丢失\n"); printf("|5、有bug联系1934009145@qq.com\n"); printf("|6、github地址:github.com/qxchuckle/Dishes-Management-System\n"); color(2); printf("|-----------------------------------------------------------------\n"); printf("\n"); color(11); system("pause"); } void menu_inquire(List *list) //二级菜单_查询菜单 { int options, z = 1; List *p = list; //方便传结构体指针 if (list->head == NULL) //判断链表是否为空 { color(12); printf("还未存入任何菜品！无法查询！\n"); color(11); system("pause"); return; //为空结束函数 } while (z) { system("cls"); printf("\n"); color(2); printf("|-----------------------------------------------------\n"); color(15); printf("|1、查询全部菜品信息\n"); printf("|2、按菜名查询菜品信息\n"); printf("|3、查询饭店或食堂的全部菜品信息\n"); printf("|4、查询某价格以下的全部菜品\n"); printf("|5、查询某评分以上的全部菜品\n"); printf("|6、查询某饭店或食堂的平均价格、评分和价格区间占比\n"); printf("|0、返回主菜单\n"); color(2); printf("|-----------------------------------------------------\n"); color(11); printf("请输入功能序号："); color(15); options = get_int(); switch (options) { case 0: z = 0; break; case 1: if (menu_sort(p)) inquire_all(p); return; case 2: inquire_one(p); return; case 3: if (menu_sort(p)) inquire_restaurant(p); return; case 4: if (menu_sort(p)) inquire_part_price(p); return; case 5: if (menu_sort(p)) inquire_part_fraction(p); return; case 6: average_percentage(p); return; default: color(12); printf("无该功能，请重新输入\n"); color(11); system("pause"); } } } int menu_sort(List *list) //三级菜单_排序方法 { int options, z = 1, n = 1; List *p = list; while (z) { system("cls"); printf("\n"); color(2); printf("|-----------------------------------------------------\n"); color(15); printf("|1、按价格从低到高排序\n"); printf("|2、按价格从高到低排序\n"); printf("|3、按评分从高到低排序\n"); printf("|4、不排序\n"); printf("|0、返回主菜单\n"); color(2); printf("|-----------------------------------------------------\n"); color(11); printf("请输入功能序号："); color(15); options = get_int(); switch (options) { case 0: z = 0; return z; case 1: sort_ascending(p); return n; case 2: sort_descending(p); return n; case 3: sort_score(p); return n; case 4: return n; default: color(12); printf("无该功能，请重新输入\n"); color(11); system("pause"); color(15); } } } //对节点操作 void add(List *list) //添加节点 { float k = 1; int n = 0, i = 0; Node *last = list->head; Node *p1 = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node)), *p; //给节点分配空间 p1->next = NULL; system("cls"); puts("开始录入菜品：\n----------------\n"); puts("请输入菜品名称："); do { s_gets(p1->name, SIZE1); } while (strlen(p1->name) == 0); puts("请输入菜品所属饭店or食堂名称："); do { s_gets(p1->restaurant, SIZE1); } while (strlen(p1->restaurant) == 0); for (p = list->head; p; p = p->next) //遍历链表 { if (!(strcmp(p1->name, p->name) || strcmp(p1->restaurant, p->restaurant))) { color(12); printf("该饭店/食堂内已存在同名菜品！\n"); color(11); system("pause"); return; } } puts("请输入菜品的价格："); p1->price = get_float(); puts("请输入0-10的整数对菜品进行评分："); do { n = get_int(); if (n >= 0 && n <= 10) //判断评分是否是0-10 { p1->fraction = n; i = 1; } else { color(12); puts("评分不在规定范围内，请重新输入："); color(15); } } while (!i); puts("请对菜品进行评价："); do { s_gets(p1->comment, SIZE2); } while (strlen(p1->comment) == 0); if (last) //如果last有值，则说明head已指向链表第一个节点 { while (last->next) { last = last->next; //last始终指向最后一个节点 } last->next = p1; //在最后一个节点后面再加一个节点 } else { list->head = p1; //如果last为NULL，则要将head指向第一个节点 } color(11); puts("录入成功！"); system("pause"); } void delete (List *list) //删除节点 { int n = 0; char a[SIZE1]; char b[SIZE1]; Node *p, *q; if (list->head == NULL) { //判断链表是否为空 printf("还未存入任何菜品！删除失败！\n"); system("pause"); return; } system("cls"); printf("请输入你要删除的菜品名称："); s_gets(a, SIZE1); printf("请输入菜品所属饭店名称："); s_gets(b, SIZE1); for (q = NULL, p = list->head; p; q = p, p = p->next) { //遍历链表 if (!(strcmp(a, p->name) || strcmp(b, p->restaurant))) //判断是否找到要修改的节点 { n++; //记录找到了 if (q) //判断找到的是不是第一个节点 { q->next = p->next; //让该节点的前一个节点都next指向后一个节点 } else { list->head = p->next; //让head的next指向后一个节点 } } } if (!n) { printf("\n没有这道菜！\n"); } else { printf("\n删除成功%d道菜。\n", n); } color(11); system("pause"); } void revise(List *list) //修改节点 { float k = 1; int n = 0, m = 0, i = 0; char a[SIZE1]; char b[SIZE1]; Node *p, *q; if (list->head == NULL) //判断链表是否为空 { printf("还未存入任何菜品！无法修改！\n"); system("pause"); return; } system("cls"); printf("请输入要修改的菜品的名称："); s_gets(a, SIZE1); printf("请输入菜品所属饭店名称："); s_gets(b, SIZE1); for (q = NULL, p = list->head; p; q = p, p = p->next) //遍历链表 { if (!(strcmp(a, p->name) || strcmp(b, p->restaurant))) //判断是否找到要删除的节点 { n++; //记录找到 printf("\n原来的菜品信息:\n"); printf("|菜名:%s\n", p->name); printf("|所属:%s\n", p->restaurant); printf("|价格:%.2f\n", p->price); printf("|评分:%d\n", p->fraction); printf("|评价:%s\n", p->comment); printf("\n"); puts("请修改菜品的价格："); p->price = get_float(); puts("请输入0-10的整数以修改菜品的评分："); do { m = get_int(); if (m >= 0 && m <= 10) { p->fraction = m; i = 1; } else { color(12); puts("评分不在规定范围内，请重新输入："); color(15); } } while (!i); puts("请修改对菜品的评价："); do { s_gets(p->comment, SIZE2); } while (strlen(p->comment) == 0); } } if (n) { printf("\n修改完成。\n"); } else { printf("\n没有这道菜！\n"); } color(11); system("pause"); } //安全输入 char *s_gets(char *m, int n) //安全输入字符 { char *p; char *find; p = fgets(m, n, stdin); if (p) { find = strchr(m, '\n'); //查找换行符 if (find) //如果地址不是NULL *find = '\0'; //在此处放一个空字符 else while (getchar() != '\n') continue; } return p; } int get_int() //安全输入int型 { int n; char ch; while (scanf("%d%*c", &n) != 1) { while ((ch = getchar()) != '\n') putchar(ch); color(4); printf(" 不是一个正整数！\n请您重新输入：\n"); color(15); } return n; } float get_float() //安全输入float型 { float n = 1; char ch; do { if (n <= 0) { //用户输入不是正数输出提示 color(12); puts("请重新输入一个正数！"); color(15); } while (scanf("%f%*c", &n) != 1) { while ((ch = getchar()) != '\n') putchar(ch); color(12); printf(" 不是一个正数！\n请您重新输入：\n"); color(15); } } while (n <= 0); return n; } //链表的输出和操作 void inquire_all(List *list) //输出链表全部节点 { Node *p; int n = 1; system("cls"); for (p = list->head; p; p = p->next) //遍历链表 { printf("\n第%d道菜:", n); output(p); n++; } color(11); printf("\n所有菜品查询完毕\n"); system("pause"); } void inquire_one(List *list) //输出指定菜名 { int n = 0; char a[SIZE1]; Node *p; system("cls"); printf("请输入你要找的菜品名称："); s_gets(a, SIZE1); for (p = list->head; p; p = p->next) //遍历链表 { if (!strcmp(a, p->name)) //判断是否找到 { output(p); //调用函数输出节点信息 n++; //记录找到多少节点 } } color(11); printf("\n共查找到%d道菜\n", n); system("pause"); } void inquire_restaurant(List *list) //输出指定饭店所有菜品 { int n = 0; char a[SIZE1]; Node *p; system("cls"); printf("请输入你要找的饭店或食堂："); s_gets(a, SIZE1); for (p = list->head; p; p = p->next) //遍历链表 { if (!strcmp(a, p->restaurant)) //判断是否找到 { output(p); //调用函数输出节点信息 n++; //记录找到多少节点 } } color(11); printf("\n共查找到%d道菜\n", n); system("pause"); } void inquire_part_price(List *list) //输出一定价格以下的菜品(这功能。。贫穷) { int n = 0; float money, k = 1; char a[SIZE1]; Node *p; system("cls"); printf("请输入封顶价格："); money = get_float(); for (p = list->head; p; p = p->next) //遍历链表 { if (p->price <= money) //判断是否符合要求 { output(p); //调用函数输出节点信息 n++; //记录找到多少节点 } } color(11); printf("\n共查找到%d道菜\n", n); system("pause"); } void inquire_part_fraction(List *list) //输出一定评分以上的菜品 { int n = 0; int score; char a[SIZE1]; Node *p; system("cls"); printf("请输入最低评分："); score = get_int(); for (p = list->head; p; p = p->next) //遍历链表 { if (p->fraction >= score) //判断是否符合要求 { output(p); //调用函数输出节点信息 n++; //记录找到多少节点 } } printf("\n共查找到%d道菜\n", n); color(11); system("pause"); } void average_percentage(List *list) //查询某饭店或食堂的平均价格和评分 { int n = 0; float sum1 = 0, sum2 = 0, b[5] = {0}; char a[SIZE1]; Node *p; system("cls"); printf("请输入你要查的饭店或食堂："); s_gets(a, SIZE1); for (p = list->head; p; p = p->next) //遍历链表 { if (!strcmp(a, p->restaurant)) //判断是否找到 { sum1 += p->price; //累加价格 sum2 += p->fraction; //累加评分 if (p->price <= 5) { b[0]++; } else { if (p->price <= 10) { b[1]++; } else { if (p->price <= 15) { b[2]++; } else { if (p->price < 20) { b[3]++; } else { b[4]++; } } } } n++; //记录找到多少节点 } } color(11); if (n) { printf("该饭店/食堂的一共有%d道菜\n平均价格是：%.2f\t平均评分是：%.2f\n", n, sum1 / n, sum2 / n); printf("其中：\n0~5元占:%.1f%%\n5~10元占:%.1f%%\n10~15元占:%.1f%%\n", b[0] / n * 100, b[1] / n * 100, b[2] / n * 100); printf("15~20元占:%.1f%%\n20元以上占:%.1f%%\n\n", b[3] / n * 100, b[4] / n * 100); } else { color(12); printf("无该饭店或食堂！\n\n"); } color(11); system("pause"); } void output(Node *p) //方便输出 { printf("\n|菜名:%s\n", p->name); printf("|所属:%s\n", p->restaurant); printf("|价格:%.2f\n", p->price); printf("|评分:%d\n", p->fraction); printf("|评价:%s\n", p->comment); } void random_menu(List *list) //随机输出一道菜 { system("cls"); if (list->head == NULL) //判断链表是否为空 { color(12); printf("还未存入任何菜品！\n"); color(11); system("pause"); return; } List *q = list; Node *p = list->head; int n = random_number(q), i = 1; //将随机出来的数赋予n，并初始i等于第一道菜，判断数字是否相等，即可找到那个随机出来的菜 while (p != NULL) { if (i == n) //借助随机数来随机输出菜 { output(p); color(11); system("pause"); return; } i++; p = p->next; } } void empty(List *list) //清空链表 { Node *p, *q; int n; system("cls"); color(12); printf("此操作将清空所有数据！\n输入 1 继续，输入 0 取消：\n"); do { n = get_int(); } while (!(n == 0 || n == 1)); if (n == 1) { for (p = list->head; p; p = q) //遍历链表 { q = p->next; free(p); } list->head = NULL; printf("清除完成！\n"); system("pause"); return; } } //文件操作 void save(List *list) //保存 { if (list->head == NULL) { color(12); printf("还未存入任何菜品！保存为空！\n"); color(11); system("pause"); return; } Node *p = list->head; FILE *fp = fopen("Menu.txt", "w"); if (fp) { while (p) { fprintf(fp, "\n%s %s %0.2f %d %s", p->name, p->restaurant, p->price, p->fraction, p->comment); p = p->next; } fclose(fp); color(11); printf("\n保存成功\n"); system("pause"); } else { color(12); printf("保存失败，请自查或联系作者"); } } void read_txt(List *list) //读取文件_初始链表 { int i = 1; Node *last; Node *p1; int a = 1; char f[5]; FILE *fp = fopen("Menu.txt", "r"); fgets(f, 10, fp); //读取第一行，并进入下一行，防止bug while (!feof(fp)) //当读取到文件结束符跳出循环结束读取 { last = list->head; p1 = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node)); p1->next = NULL; fscanf(fp, "%s%s%f%d%s", p1->name, p1->restaurant, &p1->price, &p1->fraction, p1->comment); if (last) { while (last->next) { last = last->next; } last->next = p1; } else { list->head = p1; } } fclose(fp); } //单链表的冒泡排序，这指来指去，作者一口气写完到断气的，不想加注释了，应该会有更好的算法，咕咕咕，以后优化 void sort_ascending(List *list) //菜品按价格从低到高排序 { int n = 0, i, k, num; List *p = list; Node *p1 = list->head, *p2, *p3; List list_swap; n = calculate(p); list_swap.pa = p1; list_swap.pb = p2; list_swap.pc = p3; for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { list_swap.pa = list->head; //当前 list_swap.pb = NULL; //前一个 list_swap.pc = list_swap.pa->next; //下一个 for (k = 0; k < n - i - 1; k++) { if (list_swap.pa->price > list_swap.pc->price) { swap1(p, &list_swap); } else { swap2(p, &list_swap); } } } } void sort_descending(List *list) //菜品按价格从高到低排序 { int n = 0, i, k, num; List *p = list; Node *p1 = list->head, *p2, *p3; List list_swap; n = calculate(p); list_swap.pa = p1; list_swap.pb = p2; list_swap.pc = p3; for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { list_swap.pa = list->head; //当前 list_swap.pb = NULL; //前一个 list_swap.pc = list_swap.pa->next; //下一个 for (k = 0; k < n - i - 1; k++) { if (list_swap.pa->price < list_swap.pc->price) { swap1(p, &list_swap); } else { swap2(p, &list_swap); } } } } void sort_score(List *list) //菜品按评分从高到低排序 { int n = 0, i, k, num; List *p = list; Node *p1 = list->head, *p2, *p3; List list_swap; n = calculate(p); list_swap.pa = p1; list_swap.pb = p2; list_swap.pc = p3; for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { list_swap.pa = list->head; //当前 list_swap.pb = NULL; //前一个 list_swap.pc = list_swap.pa->next; //下一个 for (k = 0; k < n - i - 1; k++) { if (list_swap.pa->fraction < list_swap.pc->fraction) { swap1(p, &list_swap); } else { swap2(p, &list_swap); } } } } int calculate(List *list) //计算出单链表的节点个数 { int n = 0; Node *p = list->head; while (p->next != NULL) { n++; p = p->next; } return n + 1; } void swap1(List *list, List *list_swap) //单链表冒泡排序的算法块1 { if (list_swap->pb) { list_swap->pb->next = list_swap->pa->next; list_swap->pa->next = list_swap->pc->next; list_swap->pc->next = list_swap->pa; } else { list->head = list_swap->pa->next; list_swap->pa->next = list_swap->pc->next; list_swap->pc->next = list_swap->pa; } list_swap->pb = list_swap->pc; list_swap->pc = list_swap->pa->next; } void swap2(List *list, List *list_swap) //单链表冒泡排序的算法块2 { if (list_swap->pb) { list_swap->pa = list_swap->pa->next; list_swap->pc = list_swap->pa->next; list_swap->pb = list_swap->pb->next; } else { list_swap->pa = list_swap->pa->next; list_swap->pc = list_swap->pa->next; list_swap->pb = list->head; } } //其他 int random_number(List *list) //随机生成不大于节点数的整数 { int n = 0, m = 0, sum = 1, i = 0; List *q = list; srand((unsigned)time(NULL) * 12); m = calculate(q); i = m; while (m > 0) { sum = sum * 10; m = m / 10; } while (1) { n = rand() % sum; if (n <= i && n > 0) { i = n; break; } } return i; } void color(int a) //控制台文本颜色 { SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), a); //更改控制台文字颜色 } |
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