不怨天,不尤人。------《论语》
一、MySQL 获得当前日期时间 函数 {#一-mysql-获得当前日期时间-函数}
1,获得当前日期+时间(date + time)函数:now():
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| hljs java select now(); 结果:2008-08-08 22:20:46
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2,获得当前日期+时间(date + time)函数:sysdate()
sysdate() 日期时间函数跟 now() 类似,不同之处在于:now() 在执行开始时值就得到了, sysdate() 在函数执行时动态得到值;
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| hljs java select sysdate(); 结果:2008-08-08 22:20:46
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3,MySQL 获得当前时间戳函数:current_timestamp, current_timestamp():
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| hljs java select current_timestamp, current_timestamp(); 结果:2008-08-09 23:22:24 , 2008-08-09 23:22:24
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二、MySQL 日期转换函数、时间转换函数 {#二-mysql-日期转换函数-时间转换函数}
1,MySQL Date/Time to Str(日期/时间转换为字符串)函数:date_format(date,format), time_format(time,format):
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| hljs java 函数:date_format('2008-08-08 22:23:01', '%Y%m%d%H%i%s') 结果:20080808222301
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MySQL 日期、时间转换函数:date_format(date,format), time_format(time,format) 能够把一个日期/时间转换成各种各样的字符串格式。它是 str_to_date(str,format) 函数的 一个逆转换。
2,MySQL Str to Date (字符串转换为日期)函数:str_to_date(str, format):
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| hljs java select str_to_date('08/09/2008', '%m/%d/%Y'); -- 2008-08-09 select str_to_date('08/09/08' , '%m/%d/%y'); -- 2008-08-09 select str_to_date('08.09.2008', '%m.%d.%Y'); -- 2008-08-09 select str_to_date('08:09:30', '%h:%i:%s'); -- 08:09:30 select str_to_date('08.09.2008 08:09:30', '%m.%d.%Y %h:%i:%s'); -- 2008-08-09 08:09:30
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str_to_date(str,format) 转换函数,可以把一些杂乱无章的字符串转换为日期格式。
3,MySQL (日期、天数)转换函数:to_days(date), from_days(days):
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| hljs java select to_days('0000-00-00'); -- 0 select to_days('2008-08-08'); -- 733627
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4,MySQL (时间、秒)转换函数:time_to_sec(time), sec_to_time(seconds):
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| hljs java select time_to_sec('01:00:05'); -- 3605 select sec_to_time(3605); -- '01:00:05'
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5,MySQL 拼凑日期、时间函数:makdedate(year,dayofyear), maketime(hour,minute,second):
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| hljs java select makedate(2001,31); -- '2001-01-31' select makedate(2001,32); -- '2001-02-01' select maketime(12,15,30); -- '12:15:30'
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6,MySQL (Unix 时间戳、日期)转换函数:
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| hljs java unix_timestamp(), unix_timestamp(date), from_unixtime(unix_timestamp), from_unixtime(unix_timestamp,format)
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三、MySQL 日期时间计算函数 {#三-mysql-日期时间计算函数}
1,MySQL 为日期增加一个时间间隔:date_add():
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| hljs java set @dt = now(); select date_add(@dt, interval 1 day); -- add 1 day select date_add(@dt, interval 1 hour); -- add 1 hour select date_add(@dt, interval 1 minute); -- ... select date_add(@dt, interval 1 second); select date_add(@dt, interval 1 microsecond); select date_add(@dt, interval 1 week); select date_add(@dt, interval 1 month); select date_add(@dt, interval 1 quarter); select date_add(@dt, interval 1 year); select date_add(@dt, interval -1 day); -- sub 1 day
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2,MySQL adddate(), addtime()函数(可以用 date_add() 来替代):
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| hljs java set @dt = '2008-08-09 12:12:33'; select date_add(@dt, interval '01:15:30' hour_second); 结果:2008-08-09 13:28:03 select date_add(@dt, interval '1 01:15:30' day_second); 结果:2008-08-10 13:28:03
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3,MySQL 为日期减去一个时间间隔:date_sub():
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| hljs java select date_sub('1998-01-01 00:00:00', interval '1 1:1:1' day_second); 结果:1997-12-30 22:58:59
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4,MySQL 日期、时间相减函数:datediff(date1,date2), timediff(time1,time2):
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| hljs java MySQL datediff(date1,date2):两个日期相减 date1 - date2,返回天数。 select datediff('2008-08-08', '2008-08-01'); -- 7 select datediff('2008-08-01', '2008-08-08'); -- -7
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5,MySQL timediff(time1,time2):两个日期相减 time1 - time2,返回 time 差值:
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| hljs java select timediff('2008-08-08 08:08:08', '2008-08-08 00:00:00'); -- 08:08:08 select timediff('08:08:08', '00:00:00'); -- 08:08:08 注意:timediff(time1,time2) 函数的两个参数类型必须相同。
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6,MySQL 时间戳(timestamp)转换、增、减函数:
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| hljs java timestamp(date) -- date to timestamp timestamp(dt,time) -- dt + time timestampadd(unit,interval,datetime_expr) timestampdiff(unit,datetime_expr1,datetime_expr2) select timestamp('2008-08-08'); -- 2008-08-08 00:00:00 select timestamp('2008-08-08 08:00:00', '01:01:01'); -- 2008-08-08 09:01:01 select timestamp('2008-08-08 08:00:00', '10 01:01:01'); -- 2008-08-18 09:01:01 select timestampadd(day, 1, '2008-08-08 08:00:00'); -- 2008-08-09 08:00:00 select date_add('2008-08-08 08:00:00', interval 1 day); -- 2008-08-09 08:00:00 MySQL timestampadd() 函数类似于 date_add()。 select timestampdiff(year,'2002-05-01','2001-01-01'); -- -1 select timestampdiff(day ,'2002-05-01','2001-01-01'); -- -485 select timestampdiff(hour,'2008-08-08 12:00:00','2008-08-08 00:00:00'); -- -12 select datediff('2008-08-08 12:00:00', '2008-08-01 00:00:00'); -- 7
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MySQL timestampdiff() 函数就比 datediff() 功能强多了,datediff() 只能计算两个日期(date)之间相差的天数。
四、MySQL 时区(timezone)转换函数 {#四-mysql-时区timezone转换函数}
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| hljs java convert_tz(dt,from_tz,to_tz) select convert_tz('2008-08-08 12:00:00', '+08:00', '+00:00'); -- 2008-08-08 04:00:00
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时区转换也可以通过 date_add, date_sub, timestampadd 来实现:
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| hljs java select date_add('2008-08-08 12:00:00', interval -8 hour); -- 2008-08-08 04:00:00 select date_sub('2008-08-08 12:00:00', interval 8 hour); -- 2008-08-08 04:00:00 select timestampadd(hour, -8, '2008-08-08 12:00:00'); -- 2008-08-08 04:00:00
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