Docker常用命令-工具盒子

后台启动容器 {#后台启动容器}

查看日志 {#查看日志}

|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | # 查看logs命令的帮助文档 ~$ sudo docker logs -- help Usage: docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER Fetch the logs of a container Options: --details Show extra details provided to logs -f, --follow Follow log output --since string Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes) --tail string Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all") -t, --timestamps Show timestamps --until string Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes) # 查看当前正在运行的容器(无) ~$ sudo docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES # 执行 docker run -d <容器名称> 后台启动 ubuntu 容器并在该容器中创建一个进程( 一段shell脚本 )以防止docker容器没有发现进程而自动停止 ~$ sudo docker run -d ubuntu /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo 'this is logs..';sleep 1;done" b89578415781997955293bbff1ccfc849bf8cad0f6af30193a16d51e576862b2 ~$ sudo docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES b89578415781 ubuntu "/bin/sh -c 'while t..." 9 seconds ago Up 7 seconds jovial_nightingale # 根据指定容器 id 来查看容器的日志信息 # -tf : 显示日志 # -- tail number : 显示日志的条数 ~$ sudo docker logs -tf -- tail 5 b89578415781 2023-05-24T02:01:55.077195969Z this is logs.. 2023-05-24T02:01:56.081186346Z this is logs.. 2023-05-24T02:01:57.085186008Z this is logs.. 2023-05-24T02:01:58.089245329Z this is logs.. 2023-05-24T02:01:59.093251030Z this is logs.. 2023-05-24T02:02:00.097191092Z this is logs.. 2023-05-24T02:02:01.101183828Z this is logs.. 2023-05-24T02:02:02.105495333Z this is logs.. 2023-05-24T02:02:03.109132666Z this is logs.. ^C # ctrl + c ~$ |

查看容器中的进程信息 {#查看容器中的进程信息}

查看镜像的元数据 {#查看镜像的元数据}

进入当前正在运行的容器 {#进入当前正在运行的容器}

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上 {#从容器内拷贝文件到主机上}

|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | # 查看当前正在运行的容器(无) /home$ sudo docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES # 查看所有镜像 /home$ sudo docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE ubuntu latest 74435f89ab78 7 days ago 73.9MB ubuntu 18.04 8e4ce0a6ce69 7 days ago 64.2MB mysql latest be0dbf01a0f3 2 weeks ago 541MB hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 5 months ago 13.3kB # 进入名为ubuntu的docker容器 /home$ sudo docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash root@2f8d86d683f2:/# cd home/ root@2f8d86d683f2:/home# ls root@2f8d86d683f2:/home# touch ishacker.net.java # 在容器/home目录下创建一个名为 ishacker.net.java 的文件 root@2f8d86d683f2:/home# ls ishacker.net.java root@2f8d86d683f2:/home# exit # 退出容器，返回主机terminal exit # 查看容器的运行历史记录 /home$ sudo docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 2f8d86d683f2 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 51 seconds ago Exited (0) 13 seconds ago vibrant_lumiere ed8c6b026ee1 ubuntu "/bin/sh -c 'while t..." 11 minutes ago Exited (130) 11 minutes ago stupefied_boyd # 将刚刚进入的， id 为 2f8d86d683f2 容器中的 ishacker.net.java 文件拷贝到当前主机的/home目录中 /home$ ls ubuntu /home$ sudo docker cp 2f8d86d683f2:/home/ishacker.net.java /home /home$ ls ishacker.net.java ubuntu |

小结 {#小结}

其中 <> 括起来的参数为必选，而 [] 括起来为可选.

docker version : 查看docker的版本号，包括客户端、服务端、依赖的Go等
docker info : 查看系统(docker)层面信息，包括管理的images, containers数等
docker search <image> : 在docker index中搜索image
docker pull <image> : 从docker registry server 中下拉image
docker inspect <image|container> : 查看image或container的底层信息
docker images -a : 列出所有的images
docker ps : 默认显示正在运行中的container
docker ps -l : 显示最后一次创建的container，包括未运行的
docker ps -a : 显示所有的container，包括未运行的
docker logs <container> : 查看container的日志，也就是执行命令的一些输出
docker rm <container...> : 删除一个或多个container
docker rm docker ps -a -q 删除所有的container
docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm : 同上, 删除所有的container
docker rmi <image...> : 删除一个或多个image
docker start/stop/restart <container> : 开启/停止/重启container
docker start -i <container> : 启动一个container并进入交互模式
docker attach <container> : attach一个运行中的container
docker run <image> <command> : 使用image创建container并执行相应命令，然后停止
docker run -i -t <image> /bin/bash : 使用image创建container并进入交互模式, login shell是/bin/bash
docker run -i -t -p <host_port:contain_port> : 将container的端口映射到宿主机的端口