转载自:SpringBoot整合EasyExcel实现复杂Excel表格的导入&导出功能
前言 {#前言}
在后端管理系统的开发中,经常有导出当前表格数据的功能,有些前端表格组件可以直接做到,但是不够灵活。因为前端拿到的数据始终是经过处理的,如果想拿到原版数据,必须后端处理。 另外,Excel的导入同样也很常见,对于数据的处理也是一件麻烦的事情,常见的工具包如Apache POI可以帮我们简化这些流程,但是它也有一些缺点,比如要创建的类实在是太多了。
那么,除了使用Apache POI包,还有没有其他的选择?当然有!*这里我给大家推荐一款非常简单且容易上手的开源组件:Alibaba EasyExcel
组件介绍 {#组件介绍}
首先放出官网地址,欢迎大家star(目前已经24K): 点我跳转
EasyExcel是一个基于Java的简单、省内存的读写Excel的开源项目。在尽可能节约内存的情况下支持读写百M的Excel。
64M内存20秒读取75M(46W行25列)的Excel(3.0.2+版本)
Alibaba EasyExcel的核心类是EasyExcel
类
/**
* 最简单的读
* <p>1. 创建excel对应的实体对象 参照{@link DemoData}
* <p>2. 由于默认一行行的读取excel,所以需要创建excel一行一行的回调监听器,参照{@link DemoDataListener}
* <p>3. 直接读即可
*/
@Test
public void simpleRead() {
String fileName = TestFileUtil.getPath() + "demo" + File.separator + "demo.xlsx";
// 这里 需要指定读用哪个class去读,然后读取第一个sheet 文件流会自动关闭
EasyExcel.read(fileName, DemoData.class, new DemoDataListener()).sheet().doRead();
}
/**
* 最简单的写
* <p>1. 创建excel对应的实体对象 参照{@link com.alibaba.easyexcel.test.demo.write.DemoData}
* <p>2. 直接写即可
*/
@Test
public void simpleWrite() {
String fileName = TestFileUtil.getPath() + "write" + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".xlsx";
// 这里 需要指定写用哪个class去读,然后写到第一个sheet,名字为模板 然后文件流会自动关闭
// 如果这里想使用03 则 传入excelType参数即可
EasyExcel.write(fileName, DemoData.class).sheet("模板").doWrite(data());
}
尝试一下 {#尝试一下}
项目基本信息 {#项目基本信息}
项目结构 {#项目结构}
pom.xml {#pomxml}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.7.1</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringBoot-easyexcel</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>SpringBoot-easyexcel</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<span class="hljs-comment"><!-- Web组件 --></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">dependency</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">groupId</span>></span>org.springframework.boot<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">groupId</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">artifactId</span>></span>spring-boot-starter-web<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">artifactId</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">dependency</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-comment"><!-- easyexcel --></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">dependency</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">groupId</span>></span>com.alibaba<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">groupId</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">artifactId</span>></span>easyexcel<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">artifactId</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">version</span>></span>3.1.1<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">version</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">dependency</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-comment"><!-- commons-lang3 --></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">dependency</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">groupId</span>></span>org.apache.commons<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">groupId</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">artifactId</span>></span>commons-lang3<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">artifactId</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">version</span>></span>3.8.1<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">version</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">dependency</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-comment"><!-- lombok插件 --></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">dependency</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">groupId</span>></span>org.projectlombok<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">groupId</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">artifactId</span>></span>lombok<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">artifactId</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">version</span>></span>1.18.12<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">version</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">dependency</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">dependencies</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">build</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">plugins</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">plugin</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">groupId</span>></span>org.springframework.boot<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">groupId</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">artifactId</span>></span>spring-boot-maven-plugin<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">artifactId</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">plugin</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">plugins</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">build</span>></span>
</project>`
`
文件导出 {#文件导出}
先展示一下效果。
单个sheet&表头合并 {#单个sheet表头合并}
多个sheet导出 {#多个sheet导出}
下面是导出相关的类代码
ExportController.java {#exportcontrollerjava}
package com.example.springbooteasyexcel.controller;
import com.alibaba.excel.EasyExcel;
import com.alibaba.excel.ExcelWriter;
import com.alibaba.excel.write.metadata.WriteSheet;
import com.example.springbooteasyexcel.data.Mock;
import com.example.springbooteasyexcel.sheet.CitySheet;
import com.example.springbooteasyexcel.sheet.CompanySheet;
import com.example.springbooteasyexcel.sheet.UserSheet;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/export")
public class ExportController {
<span class="hljs-comment">/**
* <span class="hljs-doctag">@param</span> response
* <span class="hljs-doctag">@url</span> <a>http://localhost:8080/export/test1</a>
* 在Excel中写入单个sheet
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">@RequestMapping("/test1")</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">test1</span><span class="hljs-params">(HttpServletResponse response)</span> {
<span class="hljs-comment">//从HttpServletResponse中获取OutputStream输出流</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
<span class="hljs-comment">// 设置响应类型</span>
response.setContentType(<span class="hljs-string">"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// 设置编码格式</span>
response.setCharacterEncoding(<span class="hljs-string">"utf-8"</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// 设置URLEncoder.encode 防止中文乱码</span>
<span class="hljs-type">String</span> <span class="hljs-variable">fileName</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> URLEncoder.encode(<span class="hljs-string">"用户信息表"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"UTF-8"</span>).replaceAll(<span class="hljs-string">"\\+"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"%20"</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// 设置响应头</span>
response.setHeader(<span class="hljs-string">"Content-disposition"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"attachment;filename*=utf-8''"</span> + fileName + <span class="hljs-string">".xlsx"</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// 写出Excel</span>
EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream(), UserSheet.class).inMemory(<span class="hljs-literal">true</span>).sheet(<span class="hljs-string">"用户信息表"</span>).doWrite(Mock.userList());
} <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">throw</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">RuntimeException</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"数据或文件损坏,无法下载"</span>);
}
}
<span class="hljs-comment">/**
* 在Excel中写入多个sheet
*
* <span class="hljs-doctag">@url</span> <a>http://localhost:8080/export/test2</a>
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">@RequestMapping("/test2")</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">test2</span><span class="hljs-params">(HttpServletResponse response)</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> Exception {
<span class="hljs-comment">// 设置响应类型</span>
response.setContentType(<span class="hljs-string">"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// 设置编码格式</span>
response.setCharacterEncoding(<span class="hljs-string">"utf-8"</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// 设置URLEncoder.encode 防止中文乱码</span>
<span class="hljs-type">String</span> <span class="hljs-variable">fileName</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> URLEncoder.encode(<span class="hljs-string">"信息表"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"UTF-8"</span>).replaceAll(<span class="hljs-string">"\\+"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"%20"</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// 设置响应头</span>
response.setHeader(<span class="hljs-string">"Content-disposition"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"attachment;filename*=utf-8''"</span> + fileName + <span class="hljs-string">".xlsx"</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">// 多个sheet的输出需要使用ExcelWriter类,这里想要下载成功,需要输出到OutputStream中</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> (<span class="hljs-type">ExcelWriter</span> <span class="hljs-variable">excelWriter</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream()).inMemory(<span class="hljs-literal">true</span>).build()) {
<span class="hljs-comment">// 创建用户信息表的sheet,写入用户信息数据,1代表sheet的位置是第一个</span>
<span class="hljs-type">WriteSheet</span> <span class="hljs-variable">userInfoSheet</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> EasyExcel.writerSheet(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"用户信息表"</span>).head(UserSheet.class).build();
excelWriter.write(Mock.userList(), userInfoSheet);
<span class="hljs-comment">// 创建城市信息表的sheet,写入城市信息数据,2代表sheet的位置是第二个</span>
<span class="hljs-type">WriteSheet</span> <span class="hljs-variable">cityInfoSheet</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> EasyExcel.writerSheet(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"城市信息表"</span>).head(CitySheet.class).build();
excelWriter.write(Mock.cityList(), cityInfoSheet);
<span class="hljs-comment">// 创建公司信息表的sheet,写入公司信息数据,3代表sheet的位置是第三个</span>
<span class="hljs-type">WriteSheet</span> <span class="hljs-variable">companyInfoSheet</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> EasyExcel.writerSheet(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"公司信息表"</span>).head(CompanySheet.class).build();
excelWriter.write(Mock.companyList(), companyInfoSheet);
}
}
`}
`
Mock.java {#mockjava}
以下数据均来自于网络,如有侵权,请联系删除
package com.example.springbooteasyexcel.data;
import com.alibaba.excel.enums.CellDataTypeEnum;
import com.alibaba.excel.metadata.data.RichTextStringData;
import com.alibaba.excel.metadata.data.WriteCellData;
import com.alibaba.excel.write.metadata.style.WriteFont;
import com.example.springbooteasyexcel.sheet.CitySheet;
import com.example.springbooteasyexcel.sheet.CompanySheet;
import com.example.springbooteasyexcel.sheet.UserSheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.IndexedColors;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.List;
public class Mock {
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> List<UserSheet> <span class="hljs-title function_">userList</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> {
List<UserSheet> list = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">ArrayList</span><>(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>);
list.add(UserSheet.builder().userId(<span class="hljs-number">001L</span>).userName(<span class="hljs-string">"张三"</span>).userPhone(<span class="hljs-string">"11112223123"</span>).userEmail(<span class="hljs-string">"zhansan@163.com"</span>).userAddress(<span class="hljs-string">"北京朝阳区"</span>).gender(buildCellData(<span class="hljs-string">"男"</span>)).registerTime(Calendar.getInstance().getTime()).build());
list.add(UserSheet.builder().userId(<span class="hljs-number">002L</span>).userName(<span class="hljs-string">"李四"</span>).userPhone(<span class="hljs-string">"11112223123"</span>).userEmail(<span class="hljs-string">"lisi@qq.com"</span>).userAddress(<span class="hljs-string">"南京玄武门"</span>).gender(buildCellData(<span class="hljs-string">"女"</span>)).registerTime(Calendar.getInstance().getTime()).build());
list.add(UserSheet.builder().userId(<span class="hljs-number">003L</span>).userName(<span class="hljs-string">"王五"</span>).userPhone(<span class="hljs-string">"11112223123"</span>).userEmail(<span class="hljs-string">"wangwu@google.com"</span>).userAddress(<span class="hljs-string">"杭州未来科技城"</span>).gender(buildCellData(<span class="hljs-string">"男"</span>)).registerTime(Calendar.getInstance().getTime()).build());
list.add(UserSheet.builder().userId(<span class="hljs-number">004L</span>).userName(<span class="hljs-string">"赵六"</span>).userPhone(<span class="hljs-string">"11112223123"</span>).userEmail(<span class="hljs-string">"zhaoliu@baidu.com"</span>).userAddress(<span class="hljs-string">"上海徐家汇"</span>).gender(buildCellData(<span class="hljs-string">"女"</span>)).registerTime(Calendar.getInstance().getTime()).build());
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> list;
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> WriteCellData<String> <span class="hljs-title function_">buildCellData</span><span class="hljs-params">(String gender)</span> {
<span class="hljs-comment">// 设置单个单元格多种样式</span>
WriteCellData<String> cellData = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">WriteCellData</span><>();
<span class="hljs-comment">// 设置单个单元格的填充类型</span>
cellData.setType(CellDataTypeEnum.RICH_TEXT_STRING);
<span class="hljs-type">RichTextStringData</span> <span class="hljs-variable">richTextStringData</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">RichTextStringData</span>();
cellData.setRichTextStringDataValue(richTextStringData);
richTextStringData.setTextString(gender);
<span class="hljs-type">WriteFont</span> <span class="hljs-variable">writeFont</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">WriteFont</span>();
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (<span class="hljs-string">"男"</span>.equalsIgnoreCase(gender)) {
<span class="hljs-comment">//设置颜色为红色</span>
writeFont.setColor(IndexedColors.RED.getIndex());
} <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (<span class="hljs-string">"女"</span>.equalsIgnoreCase(gender)) {
<span class="hljs-comment">//设置颜色为绿色</span>
writeFont.setColor(IndexedColors.GREEN.getIndex());
}
<span class="hljs-comment">//应用颜色字体</span>
richTextStringData.applyFont(writeFont);
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> cellData;
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> List<CitySheet> <span class="hljs-title function_">cityList</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> {
List<CitySheet> list = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">ArrayList</span><>(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>);
list.add(CitySheet.builder().cityName(<span class="hljs-string">"杭州市"</span>).cityDesc(<span class="hljs-string">"杭州市一般指杭州。 杭州,简称"杭",古称临安、钱塘,浙江省辖地级市、省会、副省级市、特大城市、国务院批复确定的浙江省经济、文化、科教中心,长江三角洲中心城市之一,环杭州湾大湾区核心城市、G60科创走廊中心城市。"</span>).build());
list.add(CitySheet.builder().cityName(<span class="hljs-string">"合肥市"</span>).cityDesc(<span class="hljs-string">"合肥市一般指合肥。 合肥,简称"庐"或"合",古称庐州、庐阳、合淝,安徽省辖地级市、省会,是合肥都市圈中心城市,国务院批复确定的中国长三角城市群副中心城市,全国四大科教基地、现代制造业基地和综合交通枢纽。"</span>).build());
list.add(CitySheet.builder().cityName(<span class="hljs-string">"武汉市"</span>).cityDesc(<span class="hljs-string">"武汉市一般指武汉。 武汉,简称"汉",别称江城,是湖北省省会,中部六省唯一的副省级市,超大城市,中国中部地区的中心城市,全国重要的工业基地、科教基地和综合交通枢纽,联勤保障部队机关驻地。"</span>).build());
list.add(CitySheet.builder().cityName(<span class="hljs-string">"深圳市"</span>).cityDesc(<span class="hljs-string">"深圳市一般指深圳。 深圳,简称"深",别称鹏城,广东省辖地级市,是广东省副省级市,国家计划单列市,超大城市,国务院批复确定的中国经济特区、全国性经济中心城市、国际化城市、科技创新中心、区域金融中心、商贸物流中心。"</span>).build());
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> list;
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> List<CompanySheet> <span class="hljs-title function_">companyList</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> {
List<CompanySheet> list = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">ArrayList</span><>(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>);
list.add(CompanySheet.builder().companyName(<span class="hljs-string">"阿里巴巴"</span>).companyBoss(<span class="hljs-string">"马云"</span>).companyBase(<span class="hljs-string">"杭州市"</span>).companyDesc(<span class="hljs-string">"阿里巴巴集团经营多项业务,另外也从关联公司的业务和服务中取得经营商业生态系统上的支援。业务和关联公司的业务包括:淘宝网、天猫、聚划算、全球速卖通、阿里巴巴国际交易市场、1688、阿里妈妈、阿里云、蚂蚁集团 [408] 、菜鸟网络等。"</span>).build());
list.add(CompanySheet.builder().companyName(<span class="hljs-string">"字节跳动"</span>).companyBoss(<span class="hljs-string">"张一鸣"</span>).companyBase(<span class="hljs-string">"北京市"</span>).companyDesc(<span class="hljs-string">"字节跳动的全球化布局始于2015年 [3] ,"技术出海"是字节跳动全球化发展的核心战略 [4] ,其旗下产品有今日头条、西瓜视频、抖音、头条百科、皮皮虾、懂车帝、悟空问答等。"</span>).build());
list.add(CompanySheet.builder().companyName(<span class="hljs-string">"腾讯"</span>).companyBoss(<span class="hljs-string">"马化腾"</span>).companyBase(<span class="hljs-string">"深圳市"</span>).companyDesc(<span class="hljs-string">"社交和通信服务QQ及微信/WeChat、社交网络平台QQ空间、腾讯游戏旗下QQ游戏平台、门户网站腾讯网、腾讯新闻客户端和网络视频服务腾讯视频等。"</span>).build());
list.add(CompanySheet.builder().companyName(<span class="hljs-string">"百度"</span>).companyBoss(<span class="hljs-string">"李彦宏"</span>).companyBase(<span class="hljs-string">"北京市"</span>).companyDesc(<span class="hljs-string">"百度(Baidu)是拥有强大互联网基础的领先AI公司。百度愿景是:成为最懂用户,并能帮助人们成长的全球顶级高科技公司。"</span>).build());
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> list;
}
`}
`
CitySheet.java {#citysheetjava}
package com.example.springbooteasyexcel.sheet;
import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.ExcelProperty;
import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.write.style.ColumnWidth;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
@Builder
public class CitySheet {
<span class="hljs-meta">@ExcelProperty(value = "城市名称", index = 0)</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">@ColumnWidth(10)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String cityName;
<span class="hljs-meta">@ExcelProperty(value = "城市介绍", index = 1)</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">@ColumnWidth(60)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String cityDesc;
`}
`
CompanySheet.java {#companysheetjava}
package com.example.springbooteasyexcel.sheet;
import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.ExcelProperty;
import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.write.style.ColumnWidth;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
@Builder
public class CompanySheet {
<span class="hljs-meta">@ExcelProperty(value = "公司名称", index = 0)</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">@ColumnWidth(10)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String companyName;
<span class="hljs-meta">@ExcelProperty(value = "公司创始人", index = 1)</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">@ColumnWidth(10)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String companyBoss;
<span class="hljs-meta">@ExcelProperty(value = "公司总基地", index = 2)</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">@ColumnWidth(10)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String companyBase;
<span class="hljs-meta">@ExcelProperty(value = "公司简介", index = 3)</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">@ColumnWidth(50)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String companyDesc;
`}
`
UserSheet.java {#usersheetjava}
package com.example.springbooteasyexcel.sheet;
import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.ExcelIgnore;
import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.ExcelProperty;
import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.write.style.ColumnWidth;
import com.alibaba.excel.metadata.data.WriteCellData;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;
import java.util.Date;
@Data
@Builder
public class UserSheet {
<span class="hljs-meta">@ExcelProperty(value = "用户ID", index = 0)</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">@ColumnWidth(10)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Long userId;
<span class="hljs-meta">@ExcelProperty(value = "用户名称", index = 1)</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">@ColumnWidth(10)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String userName;
<span class="hljs-meta">@ExcelProperty(value = {"基本信息", "手机号码"}, index = 2)</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">@ColumnWidth(20)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String userPhone;
<span class="hljs-meta">@ExcelProperty(value = {"基本信息", "电子邮箱"}, index = 3)</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">@ColumnWidth(20)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String userEmail;
<span class="hljs-meta">@ExcelProperty(value = {"基本信息", "地址"}, index = 4)</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">@ColumnWidth(20)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String userAddress;
<span class="hljs-meta">@ExcelProperty(value = "注册时间", index = 5)</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">@ColumnWidth(20)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Date registerTime;
<span class="hljs-meta">@ExcelProperty(value = "性别,男:红色/女:绿色")</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">@ColumnWidth(30)</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> WriteCellData<String> gender;
<span class="hljs-comment">/**
* 忽略这个字段
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">@ExcelIgnore</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Integer age;
`}
`
SpringBootEasyexcelApplication.java {#springbooteasyexcelapplicationjava}
package com.example.springbooteasyexcel;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootEasyexcelApplication {
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String[] args)</span> {
SpringApplication.run(SpringBootEasyexcelApplication.class, args);
}
`}
`
文件导入 {#文件导入}
Excel导入到数据库,我用一张流程图展示一下如何使用EasyExcel进行导入。
EasyExcel有一个AnalysisEventListener,可以自定义一个Listener继承AnalysisEventListener,里面有一个invoke方法,每条数据都会进入这个方法。我们可以在这里做校验、存储、抛异常等动作,EasyExcel将这些都流程化了,写起代码来非常舒服。当然也有一些点需要注意下,比如自定义Listener 不能被spring管理,要每次读取excel都要new,然后里面用到spring可以构造方法传进去。
下面是导入相关的一些类代码,最关键的是就是UserExcelReadListener这个,大家可以仔细看看。
UserData.java {#userdatajava}
package com.example.springbooteasyexcel.read;
import java.util.Date;
import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.ExcelIgnore;
import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.ExcelProperty;
import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.write.style.ColumnWidth;
import com.alibaba.excel.metadata.data.WriteCellData;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.ToString;
@Data
@Builder
@ToString
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class UserData {
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Long userId;
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String userName;
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Integer age;
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String userPhone;
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String userEmail;
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String userAddress;
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Date registerTime;
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String gender;
`}
`
UserExcelReadListener.java {#userexcelreadlistenerjava}
package com.example.springbooteasyexcel.read;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import com.alibaba.excel.context.AnalysisContext;
import com.alibaba.excel.event.AnalysisEventListener;
import com.alibaba.excel.util.ListUtils;
import com.alibaba.excel.util.StringUtils;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
/**
`
`
* `
`有个很重要的点 DemoDataListener 不能被spring管理,要每次读取excel都要new,然后里面用到spring可以构造方法传进去
*/
@Slf4j
public class UserExcelReadListener extends AnalysisEventListener<UserData> {
`
`
/**
`
`
* 每隔5条存储数据库,实际使用中可以100条,然后清理list ,方便内存回收
*/
private static final int BATCH_COUNT = 100;
`
`
/**
`
`
* 创建一个Pattern对象,使用正则表达式校验手机号格式
*/
private static final Pattern PHONE_REGEX = Pattern.compile("^1[0-9]{10}$");
`
`
/**
`
`
* 缓存的数据
*/
private List<UserData> cachedDataList = ListUtils.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(BATCH_COUNT);
`
`
/**
`
`
* 错误信息列表
*/
private final List<String> errorMsgList = new ArrayList<>(BATCH_COUNT);
`
`
@Override
public void invoke(UserData userData, AnalysisContext analysisContext) {
log.info("解析到一条数据:{}", userData);
int rowIndex = analysisContext.readRowHolder().getRowIndex();
String name = userData.getUserName();
String phone = userData.getUserPhone();
String gender = userData.getGender();
String email = userData.getUserEmail();
Integer age = userData.getAge();
String address = userData.getUserAddress();
// 只有全部校验通过的对象才能被添加到下一步
if (nameValid(rowIndex, name) && phoneValid(rowIndex, phone) && genderValid(rowIndex, gender) &&
emailValid(rowIndex, email) && ageValid(rowIndex, age) && addressValid(rowIndex, address)) {
cachedDataList.add(userData);
}
// 达到BATCH_COUNT了,需要去存储一次数据库,防止数据几万条数据在内存,容易OOM
if (cachedDataList.size() >= BATCH_COUNT) {
// to saveData();
// 存储完成清理 list
cachedDataList = ListUtils.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(BATCH_COUNT);
}
}
`
`
@Override
public void doAfterAllAnalysed(AnalysisContext analysisContext) {
log.info("所有数据解析完成!全部校验通过的数据有{}条", cachedDataList.size());
// 这里也要保存数据,确保最后遗留的数据也存储到数据库saveData();
// todo saveData();
`
`
}
`
`
@Override
public void onException(Exception exception, AnalysisContext context) throws Exception {
if (exception instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw exception;
}
int index = context.readRowHolder().getRowIndex() + 1;
errorMsgList.add("第" + index + "行解析错误");
}
`
`
@Override
public void invokeHeadMap(Map<Integer, String> headMap, AnalysisContext context) {
int totalRows = context.readSheetHolder().getApproximateTotalRowNumber() - 1;
int maxNum = 2000;
if (totalRows > maxNum) {
errorMsgList.add("数据量过大,单次最多上传2000条");
throw new RuntimeException("数据量过大,单次最多上传2000条");
}
}
`
`
public List<String> getErrorMsgList() {
return errorMsgList;
}
`
`
/**
`
`
* 名称的校验
*
* @param rowIndex 行数
* @param name 名称
*/
private Boolean nameValid(Integer rowIndex, String name) {
if (StringUtils.isBlank(name)) {
errorMsgList.add("第" + rowIndex + "行,'姓名'不能为空");
return Boolean.FALSE;
}
return Boolean.TRUE;
}
`
`
private Boolean phoneValid(int rowIndex, String phone) {
if (StringUtils.isBlank(phone)) {
errorMsgList.add("第" + rowIndex + "行,'手机号'不能为空");
return Boolean.FALSE;
}
return Boolean.TRUE;
}
`
`
/**
`
`
* 性别的校验
*
* @param rowIndex 行数
* @param gender 性别
*/
private Boolean genderValid(int rowIndex, String gender) {
if (StringUtils.isBlank(gender)) {
errorMsgList.add("第" + rowIndex + "行,'性别'不能为空");
return Boolean.FALSE;
}
return Boolean.TRUE;
}
`
`
/**
`
`
* 地址校验
*
* @param rowIndex 行数
* @param address 地址
*/
private Boolean addressValid(int rowIndex, String address) {
// 校验地址是否为空
if (StringUtils.isBlank(address)) {
errorMsgList.add("第 " + rowIndex + " 行,'地址'不能为空");
return Boolean.FALSE;
}
return Boolean.TRUE;
}
`
`
/**
`
`
* 年龄的校验
*
* @param rowIndex 行数
* @param age 年龄
*/
private Boolean ageValid(int rowIndex, Integer age) {
// 校验年龄是否为空
if (Objects.isNull(age)) {
errorMsgList.add("第 " + rowIndex + " 行'年龄'不能为空");
return Boolean.FALSE;
}
return Boolean.TRUE;
}
`
`
/**
`
``
`
* 邮箱的校验
*
* @param rowIndex 行数
* @param` email 邮箱
*/``
`private` Boolean `emailValid(int rowIndex, String email)` {
`// 校验邮箱是否为空`
`if` (StringUtils.isBlank(email)) {
errorMsgList.add(`"第 "` + rowIndex + `" 行'邮箱'不能为空"`);
`return` Boolean.FALSE;
}
`return` Boolean.TRUE;
}
}
`
package com.example.springbooteasyexcel.read;
import com.alibaba.excel.EasyExcel;
public class ReadExcelTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
UserExcelReadListener userExcelReadListener = new UserExcelReadListener();
EasyExcel.read("用户信息表.xlsx", UserData.class, userExcelReadListener).sheet().doRead();
System.out.println(userExcelReadListener.getErrorMsgList());
}
}
执行结果 {#执行结果}
总结一下 {#总结一下}
1、Alibaba EasyExcel不仅支持写Excel,还支持读Excel和填充Excel,有兴趣的话可以自己去研究,官网地址已经贴在上面了,我这里只做一个引路的。
2、常用注解有三个@ExcelProperty
、@ColumnWidth
、@ExcelIgnore
。 (1)@ExcelProperty
不仅确定表头,还可以合并行,用法如下:
@ExcelProperty(value = {"基本信息", "手机号码"}, index = 2)
@ColumnWidth(20)
private String userPhone;
@ExcelProperty(value = {"基本信息", "电子邮箱"}, index = 3)
@ColumnWidth(20)
private String userEmail;
@ExcelProperty(value = {"基本信息", "地址"}, index = 4)`
`@ColumnWidth(20)`
`private` String userAddress;
`
效果如下:
(2)@ColumnWidth
主要是控制列宽
(3)@ExcelIgnore
忽略不需要输出的字段 3、写有两种形式 (1)写到文件
/**
* 最简单的写
* <p>
* 1. 创建excel对应的实体对象 参照{@link DemoData}
* <p>
* 2. 直接写即可
*/
@Test
public void simpleWrite() {
// 注意 simpleWrite在数据量不大的情况下可以使用(5000以内,具体也要看实际情况),数据量大参照 重复多次写入
<span class="hljs-comment">// 写法1 JDK8+</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// since: 3.0.0-beta1</span>
<span class="hljs-type">String</span> <span class="hljs-variable">fileName</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> TestFileUtil.getPath() + <span class="hljs-string">"simpleWrite"</span> + System.currentTimeMillis() + <span class="hljs-string">".xlsx"</span>;
<span class="hljs-comment">// 这里 需要指定写用哪个class去写,然后写到第一个sheet,名字为模板 然后文件流会自动关闭</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// 如果这里想使用03 则 传入excelType参数即可</span>
EasyExcel.write(fileName, DemoData.class)
.sheet(<span class="hljs-string">"模板"</span>)
.doWrite(() -> {
<span class="hljs-comment">// 分页查询数据</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> data();
});
<span class="hljs-comment">// 写法2</span>
fileName = TestFileUtil.getPath() + <span class="hljs-string">"simpleWrite"</span> + System.currentTimeMillis() + <span class="hljs-string">".xlsx"</span>;
<span class="hljs-comment">// 这里 需要指定写用哪个class去写,然后写到第一个sheet,名字为模板 然后文件流会自动关闭</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// 如果这里想使用03 则 传入excelType参数即可</span>
EasyExcel.write(fileName, DemoData.class).sheet(<span class="hljs-string">"模板"</span>).doWrite(data());
<span class="hljs-comment">// 写法3</span>
fileName = TestFileUtil.getPath() + <span class="hljs-string">"simpleWrite"</span> + System.currentTimeMillis() + <span class="hljs-string">".xlsx"</span>;
<span class="hljs-comment">// 这里 需要指定写用哪个class去写</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> (<span class="hljs-type">ExcelWriter</span> <span class="hljs-variable">excelWriter</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> EasyExcel.write(fileName, DemoData.class).build()) {
<span class="hljs-type">WriteSheet</span> <span class="hljs-variable">writeSheet</span> <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> EasyExcel.writerSheet(<span class="hljs-string">"模板"</span>).build();
excelWriter.write(data(), writeSheet);
}
`}
`
(2)写到Web流,这里的ContentType和CharacterEncoding不要乱码,否则很容易乱码或者文件损坏
/**
* 文件下载(失败了会返回一个有部分数据的Excel)
* <p>
* 1. 创建excel对应的实体对象 参照{@link DownloadData}
* <p>
* 2. 设置返回的 参数
* <p>
* 3. 直接写,这里注意,finish的时候会自动关闭OutputStream,当然你外面再关闭流问题不大
*/
@GetMapping("download")
public void download(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
// 这里注意 有同学反应使用swagger 会导致各种问题,请直接用浏览器或者用postman
response.setContentType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet");
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
// 这里URLEncoder.encode可以防止中文乱码 当然和easyexcel没有关系
String fileName = URLEncoder.encode("测试", "UTF-8").replaceAll("\\+", "%20");
response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename*=utf-8''" + fileName + ".xlsx");
EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream(), DownloadData.class).sheet("模板").doWrite(data());
}
(3)用好自定义Listener可以很好的优化代码,并且逻辑也可以变得更清晰。