用编译安装比较费劲， 报错，

还是用 apt

一、安装

1- 更新

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

2- 安装python

apt install python3

3- 验证：

这是3.12 版本

指定版本安装：

cd 
sudo ./configure

二、 安装固定版本python3.9.8

1- 下载指定版本的源文件

https://www.python.org/ftp/python/

get https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.8/Python-3.9.8.tar.xz

2- 解压：

tar xf Python-3.9.8.tar.xz 

3- 安装编译环境

 sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libssl-dev libncurses5-dev  libsqlite3-dev libreadline-dev tk-dev libgdbm-dev libdb-dev libpcap-dev xz-utils libexpat1-dev   liblzma-dev libffi-dev  libc6-dev

3- 初始化

自定义安装路径

cd  /Python-3.9.8

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.9.8

4-安装

sudo make && make install

设置环境变量

vim  /etc/profile

PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/python3.9.8/bin

软连接

查看 软连接：

ls -l /usr/bin | grep python

然后

1# 将原python与python3命令改为python.bak与python.bak

sudo mv /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3.bak
2# 将我们刚装的python3.9.8指定运行命令为python与python3
sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3.9.8/bin/python3.9 /usr/bin/python
sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3.9.8/bin/python3.9 /usr/bin/python3

# 将原pip和pip3命令改为pip.bak与pip3.bak
sudo mv /usr/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip.bak
sudo mv /usr/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3.bak
# 将我们刚装的python3.8.5的pip指定运行命令为pip与pip3
sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3.9.8/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip
sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3.9.8/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

然后验证一下：