什么是 CUDA？ {#什么是-cuda}

CUDA（Compute Unified Device Architecture）是由 NVIDIA 开发的并行计算平台。它提供了一个应用程序编程接口（API），使开发人员能够利用 NVIDIA 图形处理单元 （GPU）的强大处理能力进行通用计算。

CUDA 核心是 GPU 内部的专门处理单元，针对并行计算任务进行了优化。它们能够同时执行多个线程。

CUDA 有什么用？ {#cuda-有什么用}

凭借其并行计算功能和不断增长的 GPU 能力，CUDA 可用于机器学习和 AI 应用、涉及复杂计算的科学模拟、财务建模、网络安全、加密货币挖掘和其他计算密集型任务。

安装 CUDA {#安装-cuda}

1.升级 Ubuntu {#1升级-ubuntu}

更新所有软件源的软件包列表：

|-----------|---------------------------| | 1 | $ sudo apt update |

sudo apt update 命令用于从软件源下载最新的软件包信息，并将其存储在本地软件包缓存中，便于后续的升级或安装。

升级已安装的软件包：

|-----------|----------------------------| | 1 | $ sudo apt upgrade |

运行 sudo apt upgrade 命令之前，首先运行 sudo apt update 命令来更新软件包列表，避免在升级过程中出现问题。

2.查找驱动程序 {#2查找驱动程序}

安装 Ubuntu 的驱动程序通用包：

|-----------|--------------------------------------------------| | 1 | $ sudo apt install ubuntu-drivers-common |

获取推荐的英伟达驱动程序列表，将列出显卡型号等信息：

|---------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | $ ubuntu-drivers devices == /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0 == modalias : pci:v000010DEd00002489sv00007377sd00002000bc03sc00i00 vendor : NVIDIA Corporation model : GA104 [GeForce RTX 3060 Ti Lite Hash Rate] driver : nvidia-driver-525-open - distro non-free driver : nvidia-driver-535 - distro non-free recommended driver : nvidia-driver-470 - distro non-free driver : nvidia-driver-545 - distro non-free driver : nvidia-driver-525 - distro non-free driver : nvidia-driver-470-server - distro non-free driver : nvidia-driver-535-server - distro non-free driver : nvidia-driver-525-server - distro non-free driver : nvidia-driver-535-open - distro non-free driver : nvidia-driver-545-open - distro non-free driver : nvidia-driver-535-server-open - distro non-free driver : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin |

它推荐了 nvidia-driver-535 的驱动程序：

|-----------|--------------------------------------------------------------------| | 1 | driver : nvidia-driver-535 - distro non-free recommended |

3.安装驱动 {#3安装驱动}

|-----------|----------------------------------------------| | 1 | $ sudo apt install nvidia-driver-535 |

4.重启操作系统 {#4重启操作系统}

|-----------|---------------------------| | 1 | $ sudo reboot now |

5.验证驱动 {#5验证驱动}

|------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 | $ nvidia-smi Wed Jan 31 17:31:38 2024 +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | NVIDIA-SMI 535.154.05 Driver Version: 535.154.05 CUDA Version: 12.2 | |-----------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ | GPU Name Persistence-M | Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC | | Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap | Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. | | | | MIG M. | |=========================================+======================+======================| | 0 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 Ti Off | 00000000:01:00.0 Off | N/A | | 32% 41C P8 17W / 200W | 5642MiB / 8192MiB | 0% Default | | | | N/A | +-----------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Processes: | | GPU GI CI PID Type Process name GPU Memory | | ID ID Usage | |=======================================================================================| | 0 N/A N/A 1797 G /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg 88MiB | | 0 N/A N/A 2002 G /usr/bin/gnome-shell 56MiB | | 0 N/A N/A 23468 G ...irefox/1635/usr/lib/firefox/firefox 10MiB | | 0 N/A N/A 83967 C /bin/ollama 5472MiB | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |