error.log内容如下：

[ERROR] [MY-012655] [InnoDB] Failed to create check sector file, errno:13 Please confirm O_DIRECT is supported and remove the file /data/check_sector_size if it exists.

在MySQL5.7版本时就对该问题有所说明，见https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=84488

解决办法：

将my.cnf中
innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql

|---|------------------------------------| | 1 | innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql |

更改为
innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql/

|---|-------------------------------------| | 1 | innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql/ |

重启MySQL即可