Ceph简介

Ceph是一个PB，EB级别的分布式存储系统，可以提供文件存储，对象存储、和块存储，它可靠性高，易扩展，管理简便，其中对象存储和块存储可以和其他云平台集成。一个Ceph集群中有Monitor节点、MDS节点（用于文件存储）、OSD守护进程。

Ceph基础概念

• ceph-deploy一个集群自动化部署工具，使用较久，成熟稳定，被很多自动化工具所集成，可用于生产部署；
• cephadm从Octopus开始提供的新集群部署工具，支持通过图形界面或者命令行界面添加节点，目前不建议用于生产环境，有兴趣可以尝试；
• manual手动部署，一步步部署Ceph集群，支持较多定制化和了解部署细节，安装难度较大，但可以清晰掌握安装部署的细节。
• admin-node：需要一个安装管理节点，安装节点负责集群整体部署，这里我们用CephNode01为admin-node和Ceph-Mon节点；
• mon：monitor节点，即是Ceph的监视管理节点，承担Ceph集群重要的管理任务，一般需要3或5个节点，此处部署简单的一个Monitor节点；
• osd：OSD即Object Storage Daemon，实际负责数据存储的节点，3个节点上分别有2块100G的磁盘充当OSD角色。

Ceph系统初始化

配置主机信息

# 设置主机名
#node1
hostnamectl set-hostname node1
#node2
hostnamectl set-hostname node2
#node3
hostnamectl set-hostname node3
写入hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts <<EOF
192.168.1.156  node1
192.168.1.157  node2
192.168.1.159  node3
EOF
cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.1.156 node1 192.168.1.157 node2 192.168.1.159 node3

配置免密

# 配置免密 （二选一）
ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:nK3CqSGRBGZfrE5rncPEQ2eU/Gq6dttYMLIiesXHyO8 root@ceph-01
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|.o  ..o..        |
|o.. .o =         |
|  ..+ o .        |
| . + + . +       |
|  =o=+ooS .      |
|   ==*=+o.       |
| .oo.+B ..       |
|. o..=.o+        |
|..  ooEo..       |
+----[SHA256]-----+
将免密传输到各个主机上
ssh-copy-id root@node1
ssh-copy-id root@node2
ssh-copy-id root@node3
使用懒人方式配置免密 （二选一）
yum install -y sshpass ssh-keygen -f /root/.ssh/id_rsa -P '' export IP="node1 node2 node3" export SSHPASS=123123 for HOST in $IP;do sshpass -e ssh-copy-id -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no $HOST done

配置基础环境

# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
关闭swap
swapoff -a
sed -i '/ swap / s/^(.*)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab
关闭selinux
setenforce 0 sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

配置YUM源

# 配置yum源
sudo sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g'
-e 's|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir|baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos|g'
-i.bak
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*.repo
配置ceph源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/ceph.repo <<EOF
[noarch]
name=Ceph noarch
baseurl=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ceph/rpm-17.2.0/el8/noarch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[x86_64] name=Ceph x86_64 baseurl=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ceph/rpm-17.2.0/el8/x86_64/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 EOF

安装基础环境

# 更新yum源
yum update -y
# 安装工具包、python-setuptools一定要安装、不然会报错的
yum install -y chrony conntrack ipset jq iptables curl sysstat libseccomp wget socat git vim epel-release epel-next-release

调整时区\间

# 配置系统时区
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
配置时钟同步
timedatectl status
注：System clock synchronized: yes，表示时钟已同步；NTP service: active，表示开启了时钟同步服务
写入硬件时钟
将当前的 UTC 时间写入硬件时钟
timedatectl set-local-rtc 0
重启依赖于系统时间的服务
systemctl restart rsyslog systemctl restart crond

杂项

# 关闭无关服务
systemctl stop postfix && systemctl disable postfix
重启
reboot

Ceph系统安装

初始化monitor节点

yum install ceph -y
初始化monitor节点
在node1节点生成uuid，并在所有节点导入uuid环境变量
[root@node1 ~]# uuidgen
8d2cfd33-9132-48a7-8c00-3ef10cb5ddeb
#node1
export cephuid=8d2cfd33-9132-48a7-8c00-3ef10cb5ddeb
#node2
export cephuid=8d2cfd33-9132-48a7-8c00-3ef10cb5ddeb
#node3
export cephuid=8d2cfd33-9132-48a7-8c00-3ef10cb5ddeb
所有节点创建Ceph配置文件：
cat > /etc/ceph/ceph.conf <<EOF
[global]
fsid = 8d2cfd33-9132-48a7-8c00-3ef10cb5ddeb
mon initial members = node1, node2, node3
mon host = 192.168.1.156, 192.168.1.157, 192.168.1.159
public network = 192.168.1.0/24
auth cluster required = cephx
auth service required = cephx
auth client required = cephx
osd journal size = 1024
osd pool default size = 3
osd pool default min size = 2
osd pool default pg num = 333
osd pool default pgp num = 333
osd crush chooseleaf type = 1
EOF
以下操作在node1节点执行
为集群创建一个keyring，并生成一个monitor密钥。
#node1
ceph-authtool --create-keyring /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring --gen-key -n mon. --cap mon 'allow *'
生成administrator keyring，生成client.admin用户并将用户添加到keyring。
#node1
ceph-authtool --create-keyring /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring --gen-key -n client.admin --cap mon 'allow *' --cap osd 'allow *' --cap mds 'allow *' --cap mgr 'allow *'
生成bootstrap-osd keyring，生成client.bootstrap-osd用户并将用户添加到keyring。
#node1
ceph-authtool --create-keyring /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-osd/ceph.keyring --gen-key -n client.bootstrap-osd --cap mon 'profile bootstrap-osd' --cap mgr 'allow r'
将生成的密钥添加到中ceph.mon.keyring。
#node1
ceph-authtool /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring --import-keyring /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring
ceph-authtool /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring --import-keyring /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-osd/ceph.keyring
将所有者更改为ceph.mon.keyring。
#node1
chown ceph:ceph /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring
使用主机名，主机IP地址和FSID生成monitor map。另存为/tmp/monmap：
#node1
monmaptool --create --add node1 192.168.1.156 --add node2 192.168.1.157 --add node3 192.168.1.159 --fsid $cephuid /tmp/monmap
复制monitor map到另外2个节点
#node1
scp /tmp/monmap root@node2:/tmp
scp /tmp/monmap root@node3:/tmp
复制ceph.client.admin.keyring到另外2个节点
#node1
scp /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring root@node2:/etc/ceph/
scp /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring root@node3:/etc/ceph/
复制ceph.mon.keyring到另外2个节点
#node1
scp /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring root@node2:/tmp/
scp /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring root@node3:/tmp/
#注意修改文件权限
#node2
chown ceph:ceph /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring
#node3
chown ceph:ceph /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring
创建monitor数据目录
#node1
sudo -u ceph mkdir /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-node1
#node2
sudo -u ceph mkdir /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-node2
#node3
sudo -u ceph mkdir /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-node3
用monitor map和keyring填充monitor守护程序。
#node1
sudo -u ceph ceph-mon --mkfs -i node1 --monmap /tmp/monmap --keyring /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring
#node2
sudo -u ceph ceph-mon --mkfs -i node2 --monmap /tmp/monmap --keyring /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring
#node3
sudo -u ceph ceph-mon --mkfs -i node3 --monmap /tmp/monmap --keyring /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring
查看生成的文件
#node1
ls /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-node1/
keyring  kv_backend  store.db
启动monitor服务
#node1
systemctl restart ceph-mon@node1
systemctl enable ceph-mon@node1
#node2
systemctl restart ceph-mon@node2
systemctl enable ceph-mon@node2
#node3
systemctl restart ceph-mon@node3
systemctl enable ceph-mon@node3
查看当前集群状态
ceph -s
cluster:
id:     8d2cfd33-9132-48a7-8c00-3ef10cb5ddeb
health: HEALTH_OK
services:
mon: 3 daemons, quorum node1,node2,node3 (age 0.35737s)
mgr: no daemons active
osd: 0 osds: 0 up, 0 in
data:
pools:   0 pools, 0 pgs
objects: 0 objects, 0 B
usage:   0 B used, 0 B / 0 B avail
pgs:
若异常则启用msgr2
ceph mon enable-msgr2

初始化manager节点

#node1
ceph auth get-or-create mgr.node1 mon 'allow profile mgr' osd 'allow *' mds 'allow *'
sudo -u ceph mkdir /var/lib/ceph/mgr/ceph-node1
sudo -u ceph vim /var/lib/ceph/mgr/ceph-node1/keyring
[mgr.node1]
    key = AQBk7aZiZD1NDRAAfXyfT2ovmsJwADzkbioHzQ==     
#node2
ceph auth get-or-create mgr.node2 mon 'allow profile mgr' osd 'allow *' mds 'allow *'
sudo -u ceph mkdir /var/lib/ceph/mgr/ceph-node2
sudo -u ceph vim /var/lib/ceph/mgr/ceph-node2/keyring
[mgr.node2]
key = AQB67aZicvq7DhAAKEUipQSIDZEUZVv740mEuA==
#node3
ceph auth get-or-create mgr.node3 mon 'allow profile mgr' osd 'allow *' mds 'allow *'
sudo -u ceph mkdir /var/lib/ceph/mgr/ceph-node3
sudo -u ceph vim /var/lib/ceph/mgr/ceph-node3/keyring
[mgr.node3]
key = AQCS7aZiC75UIhAA2aue7yr1XGiBs4cRt8ru3A==
启动ceph-mgr守护程序：
#node1
systemctl restart ceph-mgr@node1
systemctl enable ceph-mgr@node1
#node2
systemctl restart ceph-mgr@node2
systemctl enable ceph-mgr@node2
#node3
systemctl restart ceph-mgr@node3
systemctl enable ceph-mgr@node3
通过ceph status查看输出来检查mgr是否出现
ceph status
cluster:
id:     8d2cfd33-9132-48a7-8c00-3ef10cb5ddeb
health: HEALTH_WARN
mons are allowing insecure global_id reclaim
clock skew detected on mon.node2, mon.node3
OSD count 0 < osd_pool_default_size 3
services:
mon: 3 daemons, quorum node1,node2,node3 (age 29s)
mgr: node3(active, since 19s), standbys: node1, node2
osd: 0 osds: 0 up, 0 in
data: pools: 0 pools, 0 pgs objects: 0 objects, 0 B usage: 0 B used, 0 B / 0 B avail pgs:

添加OSD

# 复制keyring到其他2个节点
#node1
scp /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-osd/ceph.keyring root@node2:/var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-osd/
scp /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-osd/ceph.keyring root@node3:/var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-osd/
创建OSD
[root@node1 ~]# lsblk
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda           8:0    0  100G  0 disk
├─sda1        8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2        8:2    0   99G  0 part
├─cs-root 253:0    0 61.2G  0 lvm  /
├─cs-swap 253:1    0  7.9G  0 lvm
└─cs-home 253:2    0 29.9G  0 lvm  /home
sdb           8:16   0   10G  0 disk
3个节点上执行
yum install ceph-volume
ceph-volume lvm create --data /dev/sdb
启动各个节点osd进程
#node1
systemctl restart ceph-osd@0
systemctl enable ceph-osd@0
#node2
systemctl restart ceph-osd@1
systemctl enable ceph-osd@1
#node3
systemctl restart ceph-osd@2
systemctl enable ceph-osd@2
查看集群状态
ceph -s
cluster:
id:     8d2cfd33-9132-48a7-8c00-3ef10cb5ddeb
health: HEALTH_WARN
mons are allowing insecure global_id reclaim
services:
mon: 3 daemons, quorum node1,node2,node3 (age 5m)
mgr: node3(active, since 4m), standbys: node1, node2
osd: 3 osds: 3 up (since 7s), 3 in (since 62s)
data:
pools:   1 pools, 1 pgs
objects: 2 objects, 577 KiB
usage:   18 MiB used, 30 GiB / 30 GiB avail
pgs:     1 active+clean
io: client: 1.2 KiB/s rd, 36 KiB/s wr, 1 op/s rd, 1 op/s wr recovery: 27 KiB/s, 0 objects/s

添加MDS

# 创建mds数据目录。
#node1
sudo -u ceph mkdir -p /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-node1
#node2
sudo -u ceph mkdir -p /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-node2
#node3
sudo -u ceph mkdir -p /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-node3
创建keyring：
#node1
ceph-authtool --create-keyring /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-node1/keyring --gen-key -n mds.node1
#node2
ceph-authtool --create-keyring /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-node2/keyring --gen-key -n mds.node2
#node3
ceph-authtool --create-keyring /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-node3/keyring --gen-key -n mds.node3
导入keyring并设置权限：
#node1 ceph auth add mds.node1 osd "allow rwx" mds "allow" mon "allow profile mds" -i /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-node1/keyring chown ceph:ceph /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-node1/keyring #node2 ceph auth add mds.node2 osd "allow rwx" mds "allow" mon "allow profile mds" -i /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-node2/keyring chown ceph:ceph /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-node2/keyring #node3 ceph auth add mds.node3 osd "allow rwx" mds "allow" mon "allow profile mds" -i /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-node3/keyring chown ceph:ceph /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-node3/keyring

收尾

所有节点修改ceph.conf配置文件，追加以下内容
cat >> /etc/ceph/ceph.conf <<EOF
[mds.node1]
host = node1
[mds.node2]
host = node2
[mds.node3]
host = node3
EOF
重新启动所有服务
#node1
systemctl restart ceph-mon@node1
systemctl restart ceph-mgr@node1
systemctl restart ceph-mds@node1
systemctl enable ceph-mds@node1
systemctl restart ceph-osd@0
#node2
systemctl restart ceph-mon@node2
systemctl restart ceph-mgr@node2
systemctl restart ceph-mds@node2
systemctl enable ceph-mds@node2
systemctl restart ceph-osd@1
#node3
systemctl restart ceph-mon@node3
systemctl restart ceph-mgr@node3
systemctl restart ceph-mds@node3
systemctl enable ceph-mds@node3
systemctl restart ceph-osd@2
查看集群状态
ceph -s
cluster:
id:     8d2cfd33-9132-48a7-8c00-3ef10cb5ddeb
health: HEALTH_WARN
mons are allowing insecure global_id reclaim
services:
mon: 3 daemons, quorum node1,node2,node3 (age 9s)
mgr: node3(active, since 4s), standbys: node1, node2
osd: 3 osds: 3 up (since 4s), 3 in (since 2m)
data:
pools:   1 pools, 1 pgs
objects: 2 objects, 577 KiB
usage:   18 MiB used, 30 GiB / 30 GiB avail
pgs:     1 active+clean
查看osd状态
[root@node1 ~]# ceph osd tree ID CLASS WEIGHT TYPE NAME STATUS REWEIGHT PRI-AFF -1 0.02939 root default
-3 0.00980 host node1
0 hdd 0.00980 osd.0 up 1.00000 1.00000 -5 0.00980 host node2
1 hdd 0.00980 osd.1 up 1.00000 1.00000 -7 0.00980 host node3
2 hdd 0.00980 osd.2 up 1.00000 1.00000