51工具盒子dpkg 包管理器
语法格式
dpkg [option] [package]
常见用法
#安装包，不支持包的依赖
dpkg -i package.deb
#删除包，不建议，不自动卸载依赖于它的包
dpkg -r package
#删除包（包括配置文件）
dpkg -P package
#列出当前已安装的包，类似rpm -qa
dpkg -l
#显示该包的简要说明
dpkg -l package
#列出该包的状态，包括详细信息，类似rpm --qi
dpkg -s package
#列出该包中所包含的文件，类似rpm --ql
dpkg -L package
#搜索包含pattern的包，类似rpm --qf
dpkg -S <pattern>
#配置包，-a 使用，配置所有没有配置的软件包
dpkg --configure package
#列出 deb 包的内容，类似rpm --qpl
dpkg -c package.deb
#解开 deb 包的内容
dpkg --unpack package.deb
范例
#列出系统上安装的所有软件包
dpkg -l
#列出软件包安装的文件
dpkg -L bash
#查看/bin/bash来自于哪个软件包
dpkg -S /bin/bash
#安装本地的 .deb 文件
dpkg -i /mnt/cdrom/pool/main/z/zip/zip_3.0-11build1_amd64.deb
#卸载软件包
dpkg -r zip
注意：
一般建议不要使用dpkg卸载软件包。因为删除包时，其它依赖它的包不会卸载，并且可能无法再正常运行
apt工具集来管理包系统
apt与apt-get命令对比
apt 命令 被取代的命令 命令的功能
apt install apt-get install 安装软件包
apt remove apt-get remove 移除软件包
apt purge apt-get purge 移除软件包及配置文件
apt update apt-get update 刷新存储库索引
apt upgrade apt-get upgrade 升级所有可升级的软件包
apt autoremove apt-get autoremove 升级所有可升级的软件包
apt full-upgrade apt-get dist-upgrade 在升级软件包时自动处理依赖关系
apt search apt-get search 在升级软件包时自动处理依赖关系
apt show apt-cache show 搜索应用程序
apt 特有的命令
apt list 列出包含条件的包（已安装，可升级等）
apt edit-sources 编辑源列表
apt包索引配置文件
/etc/apt/sources.list
/etc/apt/sources.list.d
常用国内镜像源版本
#本节均为 Ubuntu 20.04 的镜像源列表。若为其他版本，将所有focal更改为其他版本代号即可。
常用的Ubuntu版本代号如下：
Ubuntu 22.04：jammy
Ubuntu 20.04：focal
Ubuntu 18.04：bionic
Ubuntu 16.04：xenial
配置apt包索引文件
阿里云源：ubuntu 16.04 配置如下
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
`deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
`
阿里云源：ubuntu 18.04(bionic) 配置如下
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
==========================================================================================
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
==============================================================================================
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
阿里云源：ubuntu 20.04(focal) 配置如下
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
=========================================================================================
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
=============================================================================================
`deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
`
清华源：Ubuntu20.04
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
==============================================================================================
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
======================================================================================================
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
========================================================================================================
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
=======================================================================================================
Pre-released source, not recommended.
-------------------------------------
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
===================================================================================================
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
=======================================================================================================
网易163：Ubuntu20.04
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
================================================================================
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
=========================================================================================
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
========================================================================================
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
==========================================================================================
Pre-released source, not recommended.
-------------------------------------
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
=====================================================================================
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
=========================================================================================
